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北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (2): 144-158.

• 经济研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

隔代抚养对于劳动力收入的影响效应——基于“中国企业—劳动力匹配调查”(CEES)的经验证据

邓悦, 郅若平, 王俊苏   

  1. 武汉大学 质量发展战略研究院,武汉 430072
  • 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-05-12
  • 作者简介:邓悦,管理学博士,武汉大学质量发展战略研究院副教授。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“社会保险费率下调对企业生产力的影响研究”(17CGL036); 武汉大学人文社会科学青年学术团队“中国特色社会主义政治经济学话语体系研究”(413000075)

The Effect of Intergenerational Raising on Labors' Wages: An Empirical Evidence Based on the “China Employer-Employee Survey” (CEES)

DENG Yue, ZHI Ruoping, WANG Junsu   

  1. The Institute of Quality Development Strategy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-05-12

摘要: 隔代抚养通常是劳动者为了增加家庭经济收入而进行的理性选择。然而在劳动力市场中,隔代抚养对劳动力收入增加的因果关系以及微观机制尚有待证实。基于“中国企业—劳动力匹配调查”(CEES)的数据所进行的实证研究发现:第一,基准回归的结果表明,相对于无隔代抚养的样本,有隔代抚养样本中的劳动力收入显著更高;第二,使用短期工作时间延长(加班)与长期人力资本积累(晋升)等工具变量分析隔代抚养对收入增加的作用机制,结果发现长期人力资本积累(晋升)的渠道作用更强;第三,隔代抚养对非农户口和较高教育水平(大专及以上学历)的劳动力收入影响更为显著。这表明,隔代抚养的确起到了帮助劳动者缓解育儿压力,使其有机会获得更高劳动力收入的作用,从家庭决策目标的效用最大化和代际支持的角度看,隔代抚养现象的存在具有一定合理性,这也体现出中国传统的家庭内部代际支持文化的现代沿袭。但另一方面,也应清醒认识到隔代抚养会产生一系列社会问题。解决这些社会问题的可行方案,是使用稳定的社会政策与充分的市场服务供给,来替代不稳定的祖辈隔代抚养。从社会政策方面看,重点是要制定育儿友好型的家庭政策,其关键是制定弹性的劳动就业政策,适当延长产假,实行男性陪产假制度的全覆盖,鼓励父母积极参与对子女的照料;从市场服务供给方面看,可以鼓励社区联合社会服务机构,开展面向隔代抚养家庭的适合祖辈与孙辈共同参与的社区活动,在优化儿童抚养环境的同时更好地满足老年人对美好生活的向往。

关键词: 隔代抚养, 劳动力收入, 人力资本积累, 中介效应

Abstract: Intergenerational raising is usually a rational choice for workers to increase their family income. However, in the labor market, the causal relationship and micro-mechanism of income increase through intergenerational raising has yet to be confirmed. Findings of empirical research based on “China Employer-Employee Survey” (CEES) are as follows. First, results of the benchmark regression show that the wages of labors in the sample with intergenerational raising are significantly higher than that of the sample without it. Second, using instrumental variables such as short-term extended working hours (overtime work) and long-term human capital accumulation (promotion) to analyze the effect mechanism of intergenerational raising on income increase, we find the latter is stronger. Third, intergenerational raising has a more significant impact on the labor income of non-agricultural households and those with higher education levels (college degree or above). It is suggested that intergenerational raising does help workers relieve the pressure of parenting and give them the opportunity to obtain higher income. From the perspective of maximizing the effectiveness of family's goal through decision making and intergenerational support, the existence of intergenerational raising is reasonable, which also reflects the modern inheritance of traditional culture of intergenerational support in Chinese families. On the other hand, we should also be aware of a series of social problems. The feasible solution to these problems is using stable social policies and sufficient market service supply to replace the unstable grandparents' intergenerational support. As for social policy, it is essential to formulate a child friendly family policy whose key is to formulate a flexible labor employment policy, extend the maternity leave appropriately, implement the full coverage of male companying childbirth, and encourage parents to actively participate in the care of their children. As for market service supply, the community can be encouraged to unite with social service institutions to carry out community activities for both grandparents and grandchildren in families with intergenerational raising, which can optimize the child rearing environment and better meet the aspirations of the elderly for a better life.

Key words: intergenerational raising, labor wage, human capital accumulation, mediating effect

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