家庭社会经济地位对学生学业成就的影响——基于PISA2018中国样本数据的分析

北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (2): 17-26.

家庭社会经济地位对学生学业成就的影响——基于PISA2018中国样本数据的分析

赵德成¹, 柳斯邈²

1.北京师范大学教育学部,北京 100875;
2.香港大学教育学院,香港 999077

出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-05-12
通讯作者: 赵德成, E-mail:zhaodecheng@bnu.edu.cn
作者简介:赵德成,教育学博士,北京师范大学教育学部教授。

Effects of Family Socioeconomic Status on Students' Academic Achievement: An Analysis Based on PISA2018 China Sample Data

ZHAO Decheng¹, LIU Simiao²

1. Faculty of Education, BNU, Beijing 100875;
2. Faculty of Education, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-05-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国经济社会已进入高质量发展阶段,探讨学生学业成就水平受其家庭社会经济地位影响的程度,有助于识别基础教育领域存在的不平衡、不充分发展问题,为处境不利的青少年教育、城乡教育均衡等相关政策的完善提供实证依据。PISA2018年中国样本数据表明:家庭社会经济地位与青少年在校生阅读素养成绩具有显著相关,在低家庭社会经济地位学生群体中两者的相关强度最大;相较于个体水平的家庭社会经济地位,校均家庭社会经济地位对阅读素养成绩影响的效果量明显更大;在家庭社会经济地位各构成指标中,父亲职业指数、父亲受教育年限、母亲职业指数对阅读素养成绩的影响力较大。在未来,政府一方面要进一步促进教育公平,特别是精准帮扶处境不利青少年学生群体,加强处境不利学生家长的职业教育和培训,另一方面可考虑改进中小学招生政策,优化学校生源结构,让处境不利学生有机会到校均家庭社会经济地位较高的学校中学习。

关键词: PISA2018, 家庭社会经济地位, 学业成就, 阅读素养

Abstract: China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development. Examining the effects of family socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement is beneficial for identifying the imbalanced and inadequate development in the field of basic education and providing empirical evidences for education policymaking on disadvantaged students and urban-rural education balance. Based on PISA2018 China sample data, family SES is significantly correlated with juvenile students' reading performance, and this correlation is the greatest among low SES students; compared with the SES at the individual level, the effects of school average SES on reading performance is obviously greater; among indicators of SES, father's occupational status and education level, as well as mother's occupational status make major contribution to reading performance. In the future, the government should further promote education equity, especially the targeted assistance for disadvantaged young students, and also strengthen the vocational education and training for their parents. In addition, it is advisable to improve the enrollment policy of primary and secondary schools, optimizing the structure of school students, so that disadvantaged students can have the opportunity to study in schools with higher average school SES.

Key words: PISA2018, family socioeconomic status, academic achievement, reading performance

中图分类号:

赵德成, 柳斯邈. 家庭社会经济地位对学生学业成就的影响——基于PISA2018中国样本数据的分析[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 0(2): 17-26.

ZHAO Decheng, LIU Simiao. Effects of Family Socioeconomic Status on Students' Academic Achievement: An Analysis Based on PISA2018 China Sample Data[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2021, 0(2): 17-26.

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