青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的状况与影响因素——汶川地震后的10年探索

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 汶川地震发生以来的近十年间,很多学者从不同的角度对震后青少年的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和创伤后成长(PTG)进行了考察,积累了丰富的研究成果。本研究从PTSD和PTG的发生状况和发展规律、影响因素及其机制等方面,对汶川地震后青少年的PTSD和PTG的相关研究进行了全面梳理。总体而言,随着时间的推移PTSD呈下降趋势,PTG长时间维持在较高水平;创伤后心理反应的影响因素可分为直接诱发因素(创伤暴露程度)、个体稳定型因素(人口学变量、人格类因素)、个体状态型因素(核心信念挑战、反刍思维、复原力、控制感)和环境因素(社会支持)等四类,这些因素对PTSD和PTG都会产生影响,但影响机制不尽相同。未来的研究可关注青少年创伤后心理反应的潜在类别及其影响机制、PTSD和PTG的关系及其在时间历程中的变化轨迹、PTSD和PTG对个体和群体心理社会行为的影响等议题。

关键词: 汶川地震, 青少年, PTSD, PTG

Abstract: Following traumatic events, traumatized individuals not only reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also perceived positive psychological changes such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). As contrast valance psychological reactions, PTSD and PTG may co-exist in traumatized individuals. Based on the perspective of integration and comparison, this study discussed the relation between PTSD and PTG, the predictors as well as their underlying mechanism. This research demonstrated that shortly after the trauma, PTG, as a strategy, might relieve the severity of PTSD, but PTG, as a long-term consequence, might exist after the trauma, which was precipitated by PTSD. Trauma exposure, core belief challenge, and fear were common factors leading to PTSD and PTG, intrusive rumination and deliberated rumination not only results in PTSD, but also lead to PTG, and social support could be a two-side sword to PTSD and PTG. In addition, PTSD and PTG had unique underlying cognitive mechanism but common emotive mechanism, and social support could relieve PTSD and lead to PTG by the indirect effect of cognitive activities. However, social support can only relieve PTSD but cannot improve PTG by suppressing emotion.

Key words: PTSD, PTG, relation, predictors, mechanism

中图分类号:

王文超,伍新春,周宵. 青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的状况与影响因素——汶川地震后的10年探索[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 0(2): 51-63.

WU Xin-chun, ZHOU Xiao, WANG Wen-chao, TIAN Yu-xin. Dialectical Understanding Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth: A Perspective of Integration and Comparison[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2018, 0(2): 51-63.

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