摘要： 作为重要的史学理论家,章学诚在《文史通义》中提出“史德”之说,实则是对史家理性的自觉反思,意义不可谓不深远。然而,在《文史通义》涉及袁枚的篇章里,章学诚不但做不到他所谓的理性自觉,相反,充斥着偏见和对事实的有意扭曲,甚至于情绪化的攻击和谩骂。选取章氏攻击袁枚的三条,即袁枚编造与画家童钰的友情、刘墉欲诛杀袁枚、袁枚有意抬高朱珪对他关于古文观点的赞许,通过相关的史料考证,证明章氏并未忠实于事实,足证他与自己所提出的“史德”标准,相距甚远。知难,行更不易。 Abstract:As one of the most important Chinese historiography theorists,Zhang xuecheng proposed his theory—historiography objectivity and introspection(史德) in his work The Universal Theory of Literature and History .This is actually the conscious reflection of reason of a historian,and has a far-reaching significance.However,in those chapters that related to famous poet Yuan Mei,Zhang not only couldn’t put his theory into practice,but on the contrary,his discussion is full of prejudice and distortion of the facts,and even with emotional hurl abuse and attack.This paper includes textual criticism about three things:Yuan fabricated friendship between him and painter Tong Yu,local official Liu Yong wanted to kill Yuan,and Yuan overstated the commendation of an important minister Zhu Gui on Yuan's viewpoints about ancient style prose.Through a review of the textual criticism,it is clear what Zhang said was not true and there is a far distance between his practice and his historiography standard.It is hard to learn and to know,but it more difficult to practice what you know.
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