中国服务企业是否从服务业FDI中获取创新?——来自第二次经济普查和专利微观数据的经验证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 创新是促进企业长期发展的主要动力。在当前我国实施创新驱动发展战略的背景下,探究服务业FDI是否影响服务企业创新具有重要的意义。通过匹配中国2008年第二次经济普查数据库中二位行业代码为51-97的服务企业数据和国家知识产权局专利微观数据,得到64,436家服务企业研究样本。以企业专利数作为企业创新的代理指标,以企业所在地离海岸线距离作为FDI的工具变量,实证剖析了服务业FDI对服务企业创新的影响及其作用渠道。研究结果表明:服务业FDI通过企业学习效应和行业竞争效应显著促进了东道国服务企业创新。进一步按外资来源细分发现:非技术优势型港澳台外资通过学习效应和竞争效应促进东道国服务企业创新,而技术优势型西方外资却通过竞争效应抑制了东道国服务企业创新。从区域制度异质性的效果看,在市场化程度较高和知识产权制度执行较好的地区,服务业FDI的企业创新溢出效应更为显著。因此,在加大引进服务业FDI的过程中,需要注重加强服务企业自身的竞争力和吸收能力,以应对来自FDI的竞争压力,增强对FDI的学习效果,更大地发挥服务业FDI对服务企业创新的作用。同时,加快地区市场开放、加强地区知识产权保护制度的执行有利于增大服务业FDI的企业创新溢出效应。

关键词: 服务业FDI, 服务企业创新, 外资来源异质性, 区域制度异质性

Abstract: Innovation is the main driving force to promote long-term development of enterprises.In the context of innovation-driven development in China,it is of great significance to explore whether service industry FDI promotes service enterprise innovation.By matching service firm data of the China's second economic census in 2008 and patent micro-data,the 64436 service firm data samples are obtained.With firm patent number as proxy of firm innovation and distance between firm and the coastline as Instrument Variable,the researchers analyze the effect of service FDI on service firms' innovation and the underlying mechanism.The results demonstrate that FDI mainly promots innovation performance of Chinese service firms through the learning effect and the competition effect.From the perspective of the source heterogeneity of FDI,the FDI from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan with the non-technology advantage promotes the firm innovation mainly through the learning effect and the competition effect,while the FDI from western countries with the technology advantage mainly inhibits the firm innovation through the competitive effect.From the perspective of institutional heterogeneity of region in China,in the region with higher level of marketization and to intellectual property protection,innovation spillover effect of FDI is more significant.Therefore,gradual opening of FDI in service industry from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan to the western countries and enhancing the competitiveness and absorptive capacity of service enterprises are to reduce the competition from external environment and increase the learning effect for the positive effect of FDI on firm innovation.In addition,speeding up regional marketization and improving regional intellectual property protection would enhance innovation spillover effect of service FDI.

Key words: FDI in service industry, service firm innovation, source heterogeneity of FDI, sub-national institutional heterogeneity

中图分类号:

F832.6

唐宜红, 俞峰, 王晓燕. 中国服务企业是否从服务业FDI中获取创新?——来自第二次经济普查和专利微观数据的经验证据[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 0(3): 130-143.

TANG Yi-hong, YUFeng, WANG Xiao-yan. Could the Chinese Service Firms Promote Their Innovation Performance from the FDI in Service Industry?——Empirical Evidence from Survey Data of Service Firms in 2008 and Patent Micro-Data[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2018, 0(3): 130-143.

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