儿童侵扰行为的循证社会心理干预方法

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 儿童的侵扰行为(障碍)是儿童中常见的、严重的但可转变的行为,包括对立违抗行为和品行障碍,其主要特征是频繁的抗拒、敌对和攻击行为等。儿童持续出现的侵扰行为能显著预测青少年时期的违法犯罪行为,甚至会对其后续成长产生消极影响。现有研究表明,儿童侵扰行为的主要原因包括父母管教不当、儿童认知接受偏差和不良同伴等。其针对性的社会心理循证干预方案主要包括:(1)以社会交互学习理论为基础的父母管理训练系列方案,主要关注不恰当的教养方式和不良的家庭关系;(2)以认知行为理论为基础的儿童干预方案,主要关注儿童认知和行为发展(如情绪控制、压力管理、同伴交往、问题解决等);(3)以社会生态学理论为指导的多系统治疗,倾向于多重干预方法的综合作用。其中,父母管理训练系列方案获得的循证支持较多,应用范围较广。近年来许多国家都将其纳入针对青少年心理、行为健康的预防和治疗策略中。这些研究与实践为我国积极开展循证干预,提升家庭教育指导专业水平,预防和减少儿童侵扰行为的发生和发展提供了有益参考。

关键词: 儿童, 侵扰行为/破坏性行为, 循证, 社会心理干预方法, 父母管理训练

Abstract: Children's Disruptive Behavior,including Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)and Conduct Disorder (CD),are common and serious but transformable behaviors among children.The main characteristics are frequent resistance,hostility and aggressive behaviors,etc.According to the continued Disruptive Behavior of children,the illegal and criminal behaviors of adolescence and even their negatively affected subsequent growth can be significantly predicted.The existing research shows that the main causes of Children'sDisruptive Behavior include improper parental discipline,children's cognitive acceptance deviation and bad peers,etc.The targeted Evidence-based Psychosocial Treatments (EBTs) mainly include: (1)A series of Parent Management Training (PMT)programs based on Social Interaction Learning (SIL),focusing on inappropriate parenting methods and poor family relationships;(2)Children's intervention programs based on Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT),which mainly focus on children's cognitive and behavioral development (e.g.emotional control,stress management,peer interaction,and problem solving,etc.);(3)Multisystemic Therapy (MST)which is guided by Ecological Theory (ET),tending to the comprehensive effect of multiple intervention methods.In recent years,many countries have incorporated them in the prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent mental and behavioral health.These studies and practices provide the useful reference for China to actively carry out evidence-based interventions,improve the professional level of family education and guidance,and prevent and reduce the occurrence and development of children's Disruptive Behavior.

Key words: children, Disruptive Behavior, evidence-based, Psychosocial Treatments, Parent Management Training (PMT)

中图分类号:

B844

高丽茹, 屈智勇. 儿童侵扰行为的循证社会心理干预方法[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 0(5): 49-59.

GAO Liru, QU Zhiyong. Review of Evidence-based Psychosocial Treatments for Children's Disruptive Behavior[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2020, 0(5): 49-59.

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