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北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5): 94-99.

• 史学前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

从“好聚鹬冠”看《左传》的历史叙事特点

赵琪   

  1. 苏州科技大学 社会发展与公共管理学院,苏州215009
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-28 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-12-02
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省社会科学基金项目“从天人和古今角度看董仲舒与司马迁的经史异同”(16LSD005)。

On the Historical Narrative Feature of Zuo zhuan from the Analysis on the Historical Incident “Hao Ju Yu Guan”

ZHAO Qi   

  1. School of Social Development and Public Administration,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009,China
  • Received:2020-02-28 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-12-02

摘要: 《左传》僖公二十四年记载了郑文公之子子臧因“好聚鹬冠”而得罪郑文公,进而被其父杀害的历史事件。“好聚鹬冠”为何会导致子臧被杀,自刘向、郑玄以来的传统礼制说认为:“鹬冠”是不合礼制之服,故子臧是因违背礼制而被杀。至唐颜师古始有不同观点。颜氏将“好聚鹬冠”解释为“与知天文者游聚,有所图议”,从而将子臧被杀的原因定为谋逆。对“好聚鹬冠”的不同理解,造成了双方对子臧被杀事件的不同历史解读。虽然双方观点不同,但却都承认或者说默认了《左传》历史叙事的合理性,即“好聚鹬冠”是子臧被杀的原因所在。通过对《左传》中相关历史叙事的分析,可以看到《左传》的历史叙事是分析与叙事的结合,并具有鲜明的“尚礼”的特点。子臧因服饰不合礼制而被杀,应当被看作是《左传》作者研究历史的成果,而非客观历史本身。结合当时郑文公对群公子杀、逐的大背景来看,子臧被杀的真正原因当是父子相残的政治斗争,“好聚鹬冠”只是郑文公杀子臧的借口而已。

关键词: “好聚鹬冠”, 《左传》, 历史叙事, 尚礼

Abstract: The chapter entitled with “The 24th Year of Duke Xi” in Zuo zhuan recorded a historical incident that Prince Zang,the son of the Duke Wen of the Zheng State,was killed by his father for his “Hao Ju Yu Guan” (indulgence in collecting high-rank hats).LIU Xiang,ZHENG Xuan and other scholars advocating the traditional ritual considered “Yu Guan” to be an inappropriate costume,and Prince Zang was killed by violating the ritual.But YAN Shigu of the Tang Dynasty offered a different viewpoint by interpreting “Hao Ju Yu Guan” as “getting people who know astronomy together and trying to conspire something”,the real reason for the incident.The different understandings of “Hao Ju Yu Guan” cause the different historical interpretations.However,they all accepted the rationality of Tso Chuan's historical narrative,which is the combination of narration and analysis with the distinctive feature of taking rituals as priority.Prince Zang's death for violating ritual should be viewed as the historical research of Zuo zhuan's author,but not as the objective record of history.Regarding the historical background of Duke Wen of the Zheng State's killing and exiling his sons,the real cause should be the political conflict between father and sons,and “Hao Ju Yu Guan” is an excuse only.

Key words: “Hao Ju Yu Guan”, Zuo zhuan, historical narrative, taking rituals as priority

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