欢迎访问《北京师范大学学报》(社会科学版),今天是

北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4): 119-132.

• 哲学反思 • 上一篇    下一篇

儒家心灵哲学中的道德哲学情怀

晏辉   

  1. 上海师范大学 哲学与法政学院,上海 200234
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-01 发布日期:2020-12-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目“转型期中国伦理基础变迁及其重建研究”(16AZX018)。

The Sentiment of Moral Philosophy in Confucian Philosophy of Mind

YAN Hui   

  1. College of Philosophy,Law and Political Science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China
  • Received:2020-04-01 Published:2020-12-10

摘要: 基于对《大学》与《中庸》的忠实理解,准确领会儒家心灵哲学中的道德哲学情怀,对于创造性地实现传统伦理的现代转换具有基础性作用。首要的问题是,儒家思想中是否具有心灵哲学的基本要素?而儒家又是如何运用这些要素展开其思想逻辑的?如若把儒家的基于心灵哲学之上的道德哲学情怀视为人们实际拥有的德性、现实地践行的规范体系,那么就会在应然与实然之间建构起内在的逻辑关系,人们就会依据主体德性的致思范式和行动模式处理各种实践关系。可事实并非如此,中国人的德性结构乃是境遇伦理或德性伦理。从类型学视角看,儒家的心灵哲学也属德性论,但它与亚里士多德的德性论和康德的德性论似有极大差别,必须从环境或场域寻找这种差别的根源。儒家心灵哲学中的道德情怀究竟有多少要素可以为今天的人们所拥有?如何拥有?在实现传统伦理的现代性转换中,全面拒绝和全盘接受都是不可取的态度和方式。“过度”与“不足”是我们必须摒弃的态度,“适度”才是我们必须坚持的原则。

关键词: 儒家伦理, 心灵哲学, 外推理路, 嵌入方式, 主体道德, 现代社会

Abstract: Based on an accurate comprehension of Daxue(The Great Learning) and Zhongyong(The Doctrine of the Mean),it is implied that an accurate comprehension of the moral and philosophical sentiment in Confucian philosophy of mind plays a fundamental role in realizing the modern transformation of traditional ethics in a creative way.The primary issue is whether Confucianism has the basic elements of philosophy of mind,and how Confucianists use these elements to develop their logic of thought.If the moral and philosophical sentiment of Confucian based on its philosophy of mind is regarded as the virtue people actually possess,and the normative system,according to which people practice in reality,then the internal logical relationship between should-nature and reality-nature will be constructed,and people will deal with all kinds of practical relations in the light of the mode of thinking and action of subject virtue.In fact,the Chinese moral structure is the situational ethics or virtue ethics.From the perspective of typology,Confucian philosophy of mind belongs to the theory of virtue,but it is enormously different from Aristotle's and Kant's theories of virtue,and the source of the difference must be sought from the context or field domain.It is not clear how many elements of moral sentiment in Confucian philosophy of mind can be possessed by people of present times,nor how to possess.In realizing the modern transformation of traditional ethics,a total rejection or overall acceptance is undesirable attitudes and methods.“Excess” and “insufficiency” are the attitudes to be abandoned,and “moderation” is the principle for people to adhere to.

Key words: Confucian ethics, philosophy of mind, external reasoning, internal embedment, subject morality, modern society

中图分类号: