关键词: 科举改革, 区分度, 考试文体, 制度危机, 晚清

Abstract: In addition to the examination content for occupation not related to one's training which has suffered lots of criticism,institutional crisis in late Qing Dynasty particularly embodied in government's mismanagement in dealing with the interactive relationship between discrimination and examination style,which eventually posed a political dilemma that the authorities hardly got rid of.Civil examination faced the serious problem of decreased discrimination after abolishment of dajie in the end of eight-legged essay style in early and middle Qing Dynasty.Shitie poem style was introduced to improve the discrimination,which was decreased again after candidates' adaptation to the new style.As the examiner focused on second and third round of the examination which contents were relatively complicated and inclined to make high marks to papers with long answers,the discrimination increased while the styles of Gongyang and miscellaneous works incorporated into the examination field.The government adopted the policy based on dealing with narrow range of knowledge of eight-legged essay style and didn't recognized the starting point for decision-making and the objective existence,which led to a more chaotic situation in examination and ideological field with chaos before.This situation objectively cooperated the formation of revolutionary menarche and in different degrees decreased the centripetal forces of the scholar class to the authorities.

Key words: Marxism, interpersonal networks, diffusion of innovations