关键词: 道德, 施为能力, 施为者, 辩证必要性, 基本善

Abstract: This paper introduces the theory of Gewirthian School which rose in 1980s in the United States and caught a significant attention in the West.In contrast to other moral theories,the normativity of Gewirth's morality is grounded neither on the concrete empirical goodness,such as happiness,nor on the conception(s) of good life or transcendental freedom;but it is rather grounded in the normative structure of our agency.By adopting so-called dialectic logic,Gewirth proposes an ultimate moral principle which is both formal and material.As such,his theory largely departs from Kantian moral philosophy,Utilitarianism,and virtue theory,which are characterized by formalism,calculation of utility and cultivation of character.

Key words: morality, agency, agent, dialectic logic, goodness