中国退休人口劳动参与率为何如此之低？——兼论中老年人力资源开发的挑战与方向

北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (2): 143-155.

中国退休人口劳动参与率为何如此之低？——兼论中老年人力资源开发的挑战与方向

程杰¹, 李冉²

1.中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,北京 100009;
2.中国社会科学院大学,北京 102488

出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-04-27
作者简介:程杰,管理学博士,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所副研究员。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“养老金制度与劳动力市场的协调性:中日比较研究”(71973151);国家自然科学基金专项项目“中国人口转变的独特性、经济影响及政策研究”(72141310)。

Reasons for the Low Labor Participation Rate of the Retirees in Urban China:The Challenges and Direction of the Human Resources Development of Middle-aged and Senior People

CHENG Jie¹, LI Ran²

1. Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100009;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China

Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-04-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 退休人口重返劳动力市场已成为全球老龄化进程中的一个新趋势。中国老龄化速度之快世界少有,劳动力供给持续减少,法定退休年龄偏早,但退休人口劳动参与率始终很低。较高的养老金替代率、较低的人力资本水平、快速变化的劳动力需求、家庭照料负担以及不友好的劳动力市场制度,共同阻碍了退休人口重返劳动力市场。挖掘老年人力资源潜力是世界各国积极应对老龄化的重要举措,当前中国老年人力资源开发最为行之有效的举措是延迟法定退休年龄,最大挑战是人力资本短板,需要建立终身学习体系和就业友好型的劳动力市场制度。

关键词: 退休人口, 劳动参与率, 劳动力市场, 养老金

Abstract: There is a new trend that the retirees return to the labor market in the process of global aging.The speed of population aging in China is so fast that it is rare all over the world and the labor supply continues to decrease.Although the legal retirement age is relatively early,the labor participation rate of the retirees remains very low.Higher pension replacement rate,lower human capital level,rapidly changing labor demand,family care burden and unfriendly labor market system jointly hinder the retirees from returning to the labor market.Developing the potential of human resources for the elderly is an important measure for all countries in the world to actively respond to aging.At present,the most effective measure for China's elderly human resources development is to delay the legal retirement age.The biggest challenge is the short board of human capital.It is necessary to establish a lifelong learning system and an employment friendly labor market system.

Key words: retirees, labor participation rate, labor market, pension

中图分类号:

F241
C971

程杰, 李冉. 中国退休人口劳动参与率为何如此之低？——兼论中老年人力资源开发的挑战与方向[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2022, 0(2): 143-155.

CHENG Jie, LI Ran. Reasons for the Low Labor Participation Rate of the Retirees in Urban China:The Challenges and Direction of the Human Resources Development of Middle-aged and Senior People[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2022, 0(2): 143-155.

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