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北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5): 138-145.

• 哲学史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

实然、能然与应然——关于“休谟问题”的再思考

欧阳英   

  1. 中国社会科学院 哲学研究所,北京 100732
  • 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-09-29
  • 作者简介:欧阳英,哲学博士,中国社会科学院哲学研究所研究员。
  • 基金资助:
    中国社会科学院理论创新工程“长城学者”计划。

Is,Able and Ought:Re-thinking about “Hume's Problem”

OUYANG Ying   

  1. Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China
  • Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-29

摘要: “休谟问题”揭示了实然与应然之间的巨大鸿沟,留下了一个指向不可知论的难题。恩格斯从“实践,即实验与工业”出发,驳斥了休谟的不可知论,在实然与应然之间增加一个“能然”环节,从而形成从实然(is)到能然(able)再到应然(ought)这样一个新的逻辑关系链条。这为我们提供了一个创新性的理论视角,有助于我们重新理解亚里士多德提出“制作”问题的重要性,以及黑格尔的“凡是现实的都是合乎理性的,凡是合乎理性的都是现实的”这一著名命题的深刻含义;也有助于我们在现实中正确认识最常引发混淆与混乱的能然环节,正确处理实然、能然与应然三者关系,从而减少各种判断和行动上的失误。

关键词: 休谟问题, 实然, 应然, 能然

Abstract: The “Hume's Problem” reveals the huge gap between “is” and “ought”,leaving a difficult problem pointing to agnosticism.Starting from “practice,that is,experiment and industry”,Engels refuted Hume's agnosticism and added a link of “able” between “is” and “ought”,thus forming a new logical relationship chain which is about “is-able-ought”.This provides us with an innovative theoretical perspective which helps us to re-understand the importance of Aristotle's question of “production” and the profound meaning of Hegel's famous proposition that “everything that is realistic is rational,and everything that is rational is realistic”.This will also help us to correctly understand the link of “able” that most often causes cognitive fuzziness and confusion in reality,and correctly deal with the relationship which is about “is-able-ought”,so as to reduce all kinds of errors in judgment and action.

Key words: Hume's Problem, is, able, ought

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