关键词: 墓志, 女性, 婚配, 生育, 清末民初

Abstract: The period from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China is a period of dramatic changes in modern China.Different from official history documents,local records and genealogies,epitaph records history from a microscopic perspective,and is an important material for the study of personal history,family history and national history.From epitaph,it can be seen that in terms of marriage,women's age of marriage had gradually increased,and though the phenomenon of polygamy was more common,this was in the transition stage to monogamy.In terms of childbearing,the high birth rate and high mortality of babies coexist,and mothers experience the pain of childbirth.And in terms of children's education,mother's education is as strict as father's.While following the tradition,mother's education was also keeping abreast of the times,changing the way and content of raising children.Although women were more bound by family life than men,we can still clearly see that many of women were concerned about their families and country,and contributed to their families and society in their unique way.

Key words: epitaph, women, marriage, childbearing, the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China