The Communist Party of China have led the people to respond to the questions posed by China,by the world,by the people and by the times,and have laid a practical foundation for opening up a new frontier in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.“Two Integrations”,the integrating Marxism with China's specific realities and fine traditional culture,are fundamental requirements for promoting the adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.To keep advancing theoretical innovation on the basis of practice experience,we must put the people first,and maintain self-confidence and stand on our own feet,and uphold fundamental principles and break new ground,and adopt a problem-oriented approach,and apply systems thinking,as well as maintain a global vision.

Marx and Engels' profound insights into the issue of social character are embodied in the following aspects:Firstly,the social character in Marx and Engels' works is the characteristic system of the low-level social consciousness,and also the intermediate link and stage result of the transformation from the social consciousness to the superstructure.Secondly,the national character,class character and universal human personality form discussed by Marx and Engels constitute the threefold dimensions of their thoughts on social character and include the issue of social character in the broadest sense.Thirdly,Marx and Engels have studied the issue of social character from the nature of man,and their related thoughts have social,historical,practical and people-oriented purport of vital significance.

The intraparty political culture during the Yan'an Period is the organic unity of political concept culture,political system culture and political behavior culture.The political concept culture demonstrates the value pursuit of taking Marxism as guide,the fundamental political belief of communism and serving the people wholeheartedly.The political system culture reflects the system orientation which is consistent with the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the organizational principle of democratic centralism and the scientific system of cadre management.The political behavior culture embodies the behavioral characteristics of the three fine work styles of the Communist Party of China,firm and correct political direction,as well as honest and upright political character.To explore the scientific connotations of intraparty political culture during the Yan'an Period has important era value for developing positive and healthy intraparty political culture,and comprehensively purifying intraparty political ecology.

The classroom teaching function system,an analytical model of classroom teaching structure,includes different classes of different types and subjects from the dimension of abstraction and commonness.Systematic anatomy provides a brand-new analytical perspective for the classroom teaching function system,and Xue Ji,Richard Arends's classroom teaching system theory and Knud Illeris's comprehensive learning theory provide it with sufficient theoretical basis.The classroom teaching function system is composed of three major systems:a target system,a task system and a dynamic system.Among them,the target system includes the description of teaching plans,the classroom expression,and the inspection at the end of class.The task system includes teaching materials,stratified questions and organization modes.The dynamic system includes accurate feedback,pertinent evaluation and attractive reward.In theory,this structure model offers a new understanding of class and classroom teaching,further clarifies the status relationship between teachers and students in the classroom teaching,and endows the traditional teaching cognition of ancient China with modern vitality.In practice,the model helps teachers to understand and operate teaching activities.Besides,it is beneficial to provide theoretical framework for the self-diagnosis of teachers' professional development,provide common theoretical knowledge and theoretical tools for teaching research and provide theoretical basis for observation points for classroom teaching observation.And it helps improve the efficiency of classroom teaching as well.

The “double reduction” policy aims to further reduce the excessive homework burden and after-school training burden of primary and secondary school students.Meanwhile,the introduction of “double reduction” has brought new opportunities to teacher professional development,helping enrich teachers' professional knowledge,and enhancing their professional ability as well as their professional beliefs.However,the “double reduction” policy has also brought new problems to the professional development of teachers.Teachers' professional ideals and beliefs need to be strengthened,the mechanisms of teacher incentive and management need to be improved,and the laws of teacher professional development need to be explored.As for the aspect of teachers' psychology,we should stimulate teachers' intrinsic motivation and improve the autonomy of their professional development.As to the aspect of school management,the management incentive should be strengthened and the autonomy in their professional development should be given to teachers.When it comes to the aspect of education policy,its guiding role should be optimized and the institutional guarantee should be perfected for teacher professional development.As far as theoretical research is concerned,scientific research should be reinforced and the theoretical guidance of teacher professional development should be promoted.

The design of educational policy needs to focus on the cultivation of the professional identity of the students in teacher education programs,the intensification of policy incentive,the rational control of internal tension of policy and the formation of effective incentive.Meanwhile,it is necessary to optimize the policy priorities and provide effective support for normal school students to choose teacher education programs and long-term teaching as career.During the education of prospective teachers,the effective teacher support should be offered throughout the different stages like theoretical learning stage and educational practice stage,and the inclination to attach importance to theories rather than practice is ought to be prevented and the effectiveness of teacher support should be improved.In order to promote the career development of students in teacher education programs,the relationship of the specialization and professionalization of teacher education should be successfully dealt with,and the transfer and coordination between theoretical learning and educational practice should be promoted while the specialized quality of normal school students is being reinforced.Moreover,the significant role of practice in the cultivation of professional identity is ought to be greatly valued.It is supposed to build up the support system and effective connections between the teacher education programs in colleges and the practice in primary and secondary schools in order to help normal school students bridge the gap between theory and practice,finally improve their skills and efficiency as well as promoting their identity in the real context.

In Book of History·The Canon of Yao,there are statements like “poetry is the expression of one's earnest thought and singing is the prolonged utterance of that expression.The notes accompany that utterance,and they are harmonized themselves by the pitch pipes”. They describe the situation of music being used in the rituals.The “earnest thought” embodies the purpose of the ritual itself,and has a relatively fixed religious will or emotion.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,the Ceremony of Entertainments and the Ceremony of Feasts were the secular rituals for guests.The “no-count-music” ritual of the Ceremony of Feasts made it possible for the idea that “poetry is the expression of one's earnest thought” to be separated from the ceremony and become a personal expression.During the Spring and Autumn period,the Ceremony of Entertainments and the Ceremony of Feasts were combined into one set of rituals,with “the Ceremony of Entertainments being held in the morning and the Ceremony of Feasts at night”,and after the Ceremony of Entertainments and the Ceremony of Feasts,there might be a separate Ceremony of Feasts again.For the purpose of entertaining the guests,the “main music” part of the Ceremony of Feasts was omitted,and only the “no-count-music” ritual was retained.The situation of “composing poems is to express one's earnest thought” all took place in the Ceremony of Feasts.Because of the ritual tradition,“composing poems to express one's earnest thought” has the characteristics of mysterious discourse.In order to overcome the obscurity,the phenomena like “interpreting the poem out of context”,the principle that “poems must be composed appropriately” and on-the-spot interpretation emerged,which weakened the ritualistic nature of “composing poems to express one's earnest thought” and promoted the flourishing of the secular discourse of “quoting poems to express one's earnest thought”.

As an integral part of modern Chinese poetry,the titles have various forms,diversified functions and distinctive features.The modern reform of the titles of the modern Chinese poetry establishes its basic features with its system of central words,symbolic propositions and open forms.Different from the normalized titles of traditional poetry,the titles of modern Chinese poetry highlight the functions of the titles through the use of rhetoric,the participation of narration and lyricism,and the construction of the implication space of language symbols.There is a close relationship between the titles and the content of the modern Chinese poetry.Poets often embed the tenor and metaphor in the titles,and the titles and content of the poems generate each other in the sense of poetry.The prominence of the poets' self-consciousness enables the titles to show the personalized and stylized characteristics,and the context in a particular era also affects the value orientation of the titles.

Regarding LU Xun's cultural criticism,most scholars have paid much attention to his critical attitude toward Chinese tradition,but neglected his long-term criticism and holistic attitude toward the “modern” society.LU Xun's metaphor of “juggling” in the Modern History contains his overall judgment of the modern changes in the Chinese society and reveals the reality of the spiritual nomadization of the new intellectual community.It is consistent with his criticism of the modern “pseudo-scholars”,but highlights the characteristics of the quest for new knowledge and conservative ideology of the new intellectual community.The nomadization of the new intellectual community is the necessary result of the explosion of the community population and the decline of the intellectuals' spirit in the social transformation of China.LU Xun took this as a typical symptom of “modern history”,which reflects his general position of cultural criticism:instead of choosing between old and new,Chinese and Western cultures,he focused more on the spiritual dimension of the updated knowledge and cultural transformation.LU Xun's discovery of the nomadization of the new intellectual community can enrich the knowledge of the diversified forms of traditional culture in the academic circle,and it also warns that the mere pursuit of updated knowledge may lead to the risk of involution of the new culture.

During Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal,the policy of American agricultural adjustment was closely connected with the unprecedented grave agricultural depression,the failure of laissez-faire policy against farm crisis,and the push from the farming interest groups and strikes of farmers.The agricultural adjustment policy during the New Deal was conducted based on the Agricultural Adjustment Act in 1933 and its subsequent revised legislation.According to these acts and their different means of agricultural adjustment,the agricultural adjustment during the New Deal can be divided into three periods.In the first period,production control was used as main temporary emergency measures.In the second and third periods,the soil conservation evolved from a temporary means to the permanent one of agricultural adjustment in the United States.During the New Deal,the agricultural adjustment policy effectively alleviated the agricultural crisis in the United States,created a precedent for ecological subsidies,and served the role of promoting the transformation from the resource conservation movement in the progressive era to the postwar American environmental movement.

The rural revitalization should be promoted under the general goal of common prosperity.So,it is necessary to connect the task of rural revitalization with this goal,enable the reform of income distribution system to stimulate the endogenous power of rural revitalization.The rural development interest community of agriculture-related stakeholders should be formed on the benefit coupling mechanism,including farmers,cooperatives,village collectives,agricultural enterprises and government.Forming this community is actually the innovation of rural organizations.We must first respect the initiative of rural self-organization,then guide the expansion of cooperation order to enhance rural functions,and finally expand the formation of rural high-quality development methods.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on the exploration of the practical path of rural organizational innovation,starting from the reality of the coexistence,competition and cooperation of multiple rural stakeholders in the primary stage of socialism in China,clarify the scope and boundaries of the role of the market,government and society,and properly combine the effective market,promising government and friendly society to truly create a new situation of rural revitalization in the new era.

To judge the direction of agricultural land system reform in China,it's necessary to clarify the theoretical logic of agricultural land system transformation in China.The transformation of agricultural land system can be understood as the differentiation and combination of various rights and functions that constitute the bundle of agricultural land property rights among different subjects since the founding of the PRC:After the land reform at the beginning of PRC,farmers had a complete bundle of agricultural land property rights,but the collectivization of agriculture made the agricultural land property rights defect.The establishment of the household responsibility system has transferred the complete rights of use and usufruct to farmers again,and nowadays the reform of “separation of three rights” is still directed at the complete bundle of agricultural land property rights.The differentiation and combination of various rights and functions of agricultural lands in China reflect the people-centered value orientation of the Communist Party of China.The practice has also proved that the vitality of agricultural production will be released whenever the state or collective grants a certain right to farmers;the vitality of agricultural production will be affected whenever a certain right is withdrawn.Therefore,the theoretical logic of agricultural land system transformation in China can be summarized as adherence to the people-centered value concept and constantly pushing farmers' agricultural land property rights toward the state of the complete bundle of rights.

Under the context of fading demographic dividend in China and the rise of the digital economy,the Internet usage is critical in promoting the non-agricultural employment of rural women.Firstly,for these women who are severely constrained by time and space in job choices due to the family factor,the Internet not only provides more employment information,but also increases the autonomy of non-agricultural work,thus effectively promoting their non-agricultural employment.Secondly,in terms of employment patterns,the Internet usage significantly increases the probability of rural women being employed in non-agricultural employment,but doesn't affect their starting up business.Thirdly,in the scenario of promoting rural female non-agricultural employment,the Internet has simultaneously increased the probability of non-agricultural employment for different skill groups,and thereby it is not a skill-biased technological progress.To improve rural female non-agricultural employment,it is necessary to strengthen the infrastructure construction of the Internet in rural areas,improve the level of rural female education as well as their ability of Internet usage,and provide more job opportunities that can help their non-agricultural employment.

The development of digital technology has brought strategic opportunities for the improvement of the enterprises' total factor productivity.The emergence of digital technology such as big data and cloud computing has provided a new power source for the high-quality development of Chinese enterprises.Based on the micro-data sets,this paper empirically studies the mechanisms and impact of digital technology on the total factor productivity of enterprises.The research findings are as follow:(1) The digital technology has a significant contribution to the total factor productivity of enterprises.The integration of different digital technologies has a multiplier effect of 1+1>2 on the total factor productivity of enterprises.The findings remain robust after solving the endogenous problems with IV methods;(2) The structure optimization of innovation elements is a key mechanism for digital technology to enhance enterprises' total factor productivity,specifically in terms of the optimization of R&D personnel structure,the increase of the investment in industry-university-research cooperation and autonomous innovation;(3) The effect of digital technology on total factor productivity of enterprises is heterogeneous in different enterprise sizes and different industries,that is,the effect is more remarkable in medium and large-sized enterprises and service industries.

Regardless of the perspective of internal mind or external performance,the judgment on the moral role and function of artificial intelligence agents is confronted with an insurmountable theoretical dilemma.Therefore,it is necessary to look at the moral practice of artificial intelligence agents from the perspective of interaction construction.The moral practice of artificial intelligence agents is gradually realized through the interaction among social regulations,human beings,artificial non-intelligence agents,other artificial intelligence agents and technical specifications.This process is not only an ongoing maturation of the “intelligence”,but also the process of artificial intelligence agents showing their moral potentials and realizing their goodness.From the perspective of engineering technology,artificial intelligence agents can carry out the symbolic transformation of moral principles,norms and demands in the practical context through three paths:top-down,bottom-up,and hybrid.Besides,they can realize the information exchange through interaction and the output of “goodness”.From the social perspective,the intention value will be written and evaluated in the design stage of artificial intelligence agents,forming a script for the moral output of artificial intelligence agents.In the stage of their promotion and application,the realization of artificial intelligence agents' intention value must be adjusted according to the social mainstream value,and it is necessary to create a social atmosphere that is conducive to the value adjustment function of artificial intelligence agents.In the stage of usage,the moral practice of artificial intelligence agents needs to be constructed together with their users,and the intention value and realization value are integrated through interaction.

In human cognition,intelligent machines belong to advanced tools that have certain characteristics of human beings and play a certain role of human beings.They play the dual role of tool-subject,that is,cooperative cognition subject and relatively independent cognition subject;Artificial intelligence is empowered by people,not self generated and independent intelligence.Moreover,the understanding of intelligent machines has the following characteristics and limitations:thequantitative analysis of many external world and social phenomena by AI is far from enough to reflect the nature of these things;AI has the characteristics of unit,homogeneity,module and flat,and cannot grasp the complex and changeable external information;AI carries out formal representation without implicit experiential knowledge.