Gan Ying's mission to Daqin stands as a landmark event in the history of Sino-foreign exchanges,and the meaning of “Daqin” remains a classic topic in the study of cross-cultural interactions.According to the records in Yu Huan's Weilüe,Yuan Hong's Annals of the Later Han,and Fan Ye's The Book of the Later Han,“Daqin” is the name bestowed by Han Dynasty intellectual elites upon Liqian (or Haixi,referring to the Roman Empire or one of its regions),based on their perception that its people share similar physical features,bloodline ties,and cultural affinity with inhabitants of the Central Plains.This understanding likely originates from a certain historical source of the late Eastern Han period.For over a century,scholars both in China and abroad have debated the interpretation of “Daqin”,proposing four primary theories:the transliteration hypothesis,the Han intellectual elite naming hypothesis,the hybrid naming-transliteration hypothesis,and the foreign naming hypothesis,yet no consensus has been reached.This paper contends that the character “Qin” in “Daqin” derives from a specific Han-era term “Qinren” for Huaxia people acculturated by nomadic peoples (“Hu-Hua”),reflecting the historical perception of Qin people as ethnically Huaxia yet culturally influenced by Hu people's traditions.The prefix “Da” denotes “great” or “powerful”,rendering “Daqin” as “the powerful state founded by Huaxia people transformed by nomadic culture”.Although equating Daqin's people with “Hu-Hua” Huaxia lacked factual basis,this conceptualization perpetuated the Han intellectual elite's tradition of constructing a unified “Tianxia”(all-under-heaven) order through the notion of “shared bloodline” between Huaxia and non-Huaxia peoples.It represents an attempt to expand the “frontiers of Huaxia” through historical narratives of “Huaxia ancestors migrating to the periphery”,embodying a grander vision of Tianxia.

The deficit in social communication and interaction is one of the core symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The preschool years are crucial for children with ASD laying the groundwork for social integration and mainstream school entry.Inclusive education is cornerstone of this educational and rehabilitative process.Due to the significant individual differences and functional impairments in social interaction among children with ASD,a tiered intervention model has been proposed to better support their integration into school learning and group life in preschool settings.This model addresses the heterogeneity and individualized needs of children with ASD and the corresponding need for individualized education.It involves implementing targeted social skills training based on comprehensive assessments of each child's abilities and needs.Furthermore,to effectively promote and implement this intervention model,several recommendations are proposed:developing social goals according to the level of support required by the child;applying applied behavior analysis-based intervention approaches;facilitating the involvement of typically developing children in peer support;enhancing teachers' expertise and skills related to ASD;and increasing parents' awareness and understanding of ASD.

At the confluence of a new technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence is increasingly driving the reconstruction and continual evolution of the education system.The teaching profession now faces a substantive role redefinition,and teachers' perception of AI threat resemble a pervasive “technological itch”,generating simultaneous experiences of attraction and discomfort.Drawing on the social identity theory and integrating a cognition-affection-conation framework,this paper identifies four dimensions of teachers' perception of AI threat:distinctiveness threat,ability-category threat,educational‐relationship threat,and value-identity threat.In the context of educational digital transformation,we propose three countermeasures:(1) strengthening institutional mechanisms to delineate clear boundaries for human–AI collaboration;(2) cultivating a trust‐based educational ecosystem that safeguards teachers' psychological safety;(3) reshaping teacher professionalism toward human–machine co‐development.These insights aim to enrich the theoretical understanding of teachers' perception of AI threat and guide ongoing optimization of educational practice.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound effect on the mental health of children and adolescents.Emerging evidences suggest that puberty is a critical window for stress recalibration when environmental conditions change significantly.This offers an opportunity to mitigate maladaptive outcomes and improve mental health among youth with ACEs.This review first synthesizes empirical findings on how adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence interact to affect adolescent mental health,summarizing dominant patterns and theoretical frameworks.Based on the pubertal stress recalibration hypothesis,the study clarifies the mechanisms underlying stress recalibration during adolescence.Furthermore,we systematically consolidate the neurophysiological foundations for puberty plasticity,and summarize the conditions facilitating this process from a four-dimensional model of Environment-Gene-Agency-Timing.Finally,we propose a shift toward a protection-focused perspective in the future research,advocating for leveraging this pubertal window to mitigate the adverse effects of childhood adversity and foster positive mental health literacy among adolescents.

Due to its special space characteristics and its property of national strategy,basic education in border areas,is not only a vital component of border public services and social development but also a critical support for national security and efforts to stabilize and consolidate borders.The provision of scientific and appropriate basic education policies in border areas is of vital importance for their high-quality development and functional performance.Based on field research in border provinces and the analysis of their relevant basic education policies,this study shows the current gap between their policies and the demands of national strategies and educational development in the new era,major existing problems as well as the underlying constraints.On this basis,it further proposes policy considerations,including strengthening the top-level design of “education for border defense” rooted in national strategies,establishing the new management system featuring “central leadership with provincial primary responsibility”,and improving their policy systems with strategic adaptability and practical relevance.These thoughts aim to provide insights for the innovation and optimization of basic education policies in China's border areas,thereby facilitating the high-quality development of border basic education and the modernization of border governance.

With a procedural grounded theory approach,interview data from 14 parents of primary and secondary school students were analyzed to construct a stage model of parental psychological help-seeking for their children in China.The findings indicate that parents undergo five stages in the help-seeking process:problem recognition,adjustment and adaptation,preliminary help-seeking,professional help-seeking,and help-seeking maintenance.The process demonstrates nonlinear characteristics,with parents potentially experiencing stage-skipping or regression at different points.The results provide parents with a clear pathway for psychological help-seeking,contribute to the development of a collaborative support system among families,schools,and communities,and promote the recovery and development of the mental health of children and adolescents.

As a quasi-agentiality technological form,artificial intelligence is propelling ecological civilization into a new stage of intelligent participation and human-machine co-construction.By encoding perceptual nature into “datafied nature”,AI raises the bar for ecological literacy and opens new avenues for ecological cultural innovation and the improvement of public environmental participation mechanisms.At the same time,the drawbacks of algorithmic bias,AI hallucinations,and systemic high energy consumption pose new challenges to the realization of ecological justice,the reliability of ecological decision-making,and the governance of ecological externalities.These issues are pushing the focus of technological ethics from ex-post evaluations—concerning how humans use technology—to ex-ante reflections on how humans design and supervise intelligent agents.Constructing a governance framework for artificial intelligence oriented toward green development is not only an urgent theoretical task for ecological civilization,but also an important opportunity for deepening human ecological rationality and reshaping human subjectivity.

China's ancient unified state is marked by centralization and bureaucratization.Its effective integration and long-term governance of a vast territory and populous society surpass the organizational and technological capacities typical of the agrarian age,revealing strong state resilience.The “great unity” narrative is both a theoretical system that justifies the legitimacy of this unified state form and an ideational bond that sustains it over a long term.Formed through the state-sanctioned Confucian ideological construction in the Han dynasty,this narrative rests on a stable deep structure comprising a political narrative of “all under Heaven as one family,”an ethics-centered moral narrative,and a historical narrative of civilizational continuity,thereby providing a framework for descriptive analysis and normative evaluation in politics,society,and history.Although the “great unity” narrative and the unified state form are mutually interwoven,they also contain tensions between “the Heaven” and “China”,between “family–state” and “state”,between unity and plurality,and between continuity and change.Owing to the role of the literati-official stratum,the narrative's ideational system couples stably with the unified state form.Under the dual forces of tension and coupling,they engage in an active,agentic interaction that ultimately manifests as the state resilience sustaining the long-term continuity of the unified state form.

In the credit market,information asymmetry makes it difficult for lenders to assess borrowers' credit risk,thereby affecting the efficiency of financial resource allocation.This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework and combines it with adjustments to the Morgan Stanley Capital International Index in 2018 and 2019 to empirically test the relationship between ESG incentive policies,information asymmetry,and financial resource misallocation.The study shows that under the condition of satisfying the separating equilibrium,ESG incentive policies can effectively increase analysts' attention and the level of attention to research reports,reduce information asymmetry between enterprises and financial institutions,and thus effectively alleviate the problem of financial resource misallocation faced by enterprises.This conclusion remains reliable after a series of robustness tests.Further research reveals that the effect of ESG incentive policies on alleviating financial resource misallocation exhibits structural characteristics,especially prominent among private enterprises,innovation companies focusing on specific fields,and those voluntarily disclosing ESG information.This paper extends the economic impact of ESG to the field of financial resource misallocation,providing a new research perspective for alleviating the issue of financial resource misallocation.

Among the axial-age civilizations identified by Jaspers,both ancient Greece and ancient India experienced cultural fracture prior to the axial age.In contrast,only the Chinese axial-age civilization maintains historical and cultural continuity.Therefore,the intellectual and cultural breakthroughs of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were grounded in and presupposed earlier breakthroughs that had occurred centuries before.According to Jaspers' theory,the defining characteristic of the axial age was a profound breakthrough from tradition.By this criterion,it is reasonable to argue that China experienced a “pre-axial age” prior to the axial period.In the 11th century BCE,during the transition from the Shang (Yin) to the Zhou dynasty,Duke Zhou reflected deeply on this transformative historical shift and developed a revolutionary new understanding of the Mandate of Heaven.He realized that the Mandate of Heaven could be reduced to the will of people and would change in accordance with their support or opposition.Thus,if the Zhou wants to sustain the Mandate of Heaven,they must govern with virtue and safeguard the welfare of the people.This constituted a major ideological breakthrough regarding the relationship between the heaven and humanity.Building upon this insight,Duke Zhou further achieved a series of interconnected breakthroughs that emphasized both continuity and unity.In terms of continuity,the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties transitioned from a synchronic,parallel structure to a diachronic,continuous lineage.This shift gave rise to the concept of the “Three Dynasties” and a historical consciousness that emphasized continuity through change,reflecting a distinct form of historical rationality.In terms of unity,the establishment of the feudal and patriarchal clan systems contributed to a politically and culturally unified order during the Western Zhou dynasty.The idea of “all under heaven as one family”,rooted in the doctrine of “the Mandate of Heaven is the people's will”,played a crucial role in shaping cultural identity throughout Chinese history,fostering ethnic integration and preserving national cohesion.The axial civilization of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods exemplified by Confucius' doctrine of “Ren”,was a direct continuation and further development of the pre-axial civilization initiated by Duke Zhou.

During more than one hundred years of the Northern Song Dynasty,the court gradually realized in its governance practice that ponds and reservoirs have multiple functions such as irrigation,ecology,transportation,and flood control.In the early Northern Song Dynasty,land reclamation was encouraged,but historical sites,and ponds and reservoirs were transformed into farmland,resulting in waterlogging of the fields.In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty,the court began to encourage the construction of ponds and reservoirs,but the implementation effect was not ideal.During the Xining period,the construction of ponds and reservoirs reached a peak,with ponds and reservoirs built along the banks of the Bian River to irrigate rice fields.During the Yuanfeng period,the project of diverting the Luo River into Bian was implemented,injecting the ancient Suo River water into the ponds and reservoirs to supplement the Bian River and ensure smooth transportation.In the late Northern Song Dynasty,due to the impact of political turmoil,water conservancy projects such as ponds and reservoirs were in high demand and abandoned at times.The environs shared weal and woe with the capital in terms of ecological environment,social economy and other aspects,and were also the first to benefit from imperial policies.The management of ponds and reservoirs in the capital region in the Northern Song Dynasty reflects a strong national-led color.

The discourse system of Chinese aesthetics in the 20th century generally underwent a developmental process from “aesthetics in China” to the construction of “Chinese aesthetics”,and the construction of “Chinese aesthetics” is precisely the key to exploring the independent knowledge system of Chinese aesthetics.The aesthetic exploration of Zong Baihua,a modern Chinese aesthetician,went through an evolutionary course where,starting from German philosophical-psychological aesthetics,it moved to cross-cultural artistic aesthetics,and finally evolved into Chinese cultural aesthetics.In terms of his fundamental aesthetic propositions,there showed a shifting tendency of returning from the modern aesthetics discourse system centered on “beauty” to the indigenous Chinese discourse tradition of “Wen”.The in-depth reason for this shift lies in Zong Baihua's awareness that the disciplinary achievements of Western modern aesthetics are incompatible when addressing issues related to Chinese art,and that Chinese aesthetics possesses uniqueness distinct from Western aesthetics.Consequently,Zong Baihua is able to excavate and bring to light classical aesthetic discourses with distinct Chinese local characteristics such as “Wen” and “Wenxin” through his examination of tradition.Moreover,he has provided a paradigm for constructing the independent knowledge system of Chinese aesthetics by means of integrating Chinese and Western thoughts and activating traditional approaches.

The digital transformation of higher education is a complex systemic endeavor,characterized by both opportunities and challenges.At present,China's higher education digital transformation commonly faces practical situations described as “policy-driven,continuous equipment upgrades,fleeting innovations,and multiple conflicts in transformation,”which are manifested in the neglect of dynamic practice-oriented knowledge,the lack of distributed cognition,and the insufficiency of socially networked co-governance.The fundamental cause lies in the inability of traditional educational thought to align with the transformative logic of digitalization,which has become an ideological obstacle to higher education digital transformation.Strategies to overcome this impasse include:first,developing a new epistemology for the digital era,and reconstructing the knowledge system to integrate rational knowledge with dynamic practice-oriented knowledge;second,developing a new pedagogy for the digital era,and reconstructing a human–machine collaborative teaching paradigm to reintegrate teaching and learning;and third,developing a new governance perspective for the digital era,and reconstructing internal and external institutional mechanisms of universities.Only by updating both educational thought and educational infrastructure synchronously can the digital transformation of higher education achieve a qualitative leap from “formal resemblance” to “substantive realization.”

Against the backdrop of profound shifts in the global economic landscape and escalating strategic competition among major powers,finance has become a crucial component of national competitiveness,with its strategic importance increasingly evident.The concept of a financial power has been systematically articulated by General Secretary Xi Jinping,outlining its developmental direction while offering foundational principles and an actionable roadmap.Central to this effort is the coordinated advancement of six core systems:a strong currency lays the groundwork for participation in the international monetary system and enhances influence over resource allocation;a robust central bank acts as the key actor in macroeconomic regulation and financial stability;capable financial institutions form the micro-level foundation for serving the real economy and competing globally;a competitive international financial centre serves as the strategic hub for global resource allocation;effective financial regulation provides the institutional safeguards for risk prevention and orderly development;and a high-quality financial talent pool supplies the intellectual capital for innovation-driven growth and improved governance.Therefore,advancing the construction of financial power during the 15th Five-Year Plan period necessitates establishing a systematic framework centered on six core elements.Through a coordinated,multi-pronged strategy—including reinforcing the foundation for RMB internationalization,strengthening the central bank's core functions,cultivating competitive financial institutions,building high-level international financial centers,enhancing modern financial regulation,and developing a high-caliber financial talent pool—we can systematically enhance the global competitiveness and resource allocation efficiency of the financial system.These efforts will collectively strengthen financial security safeguards and ensure that financial services effectively support the real economy and national strategic objectives.

Although the creation and publication of imperial poetry in the Qing dynasty presented an overall appearance of prosperity,the mechanisms for the poetry collections of emperors and imperial princes underwent changes during the Daoguang reign.The publication mechanism for imperial poetry collections,which took shape during the Qianlong era and standardized publication activities in the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns,completely collapsed around the twelfth year of the Daoguang reign (1832).Observed from the perspective of literary creation,the degree of “collaborative composition” in Daoguang's imperial poetry is significantly lower than in Jiaqing's,reflecting a shift in the mode of text generation.Analyzed from the perspective of collection publication,the printing of poetry collections by imperial princes lacks relatively unified standards and suffers severe losses,suggesting a general indifference among princes towards their publication.The standardized and homogenized tendencies in the large-scale poetic series and “respectfully harmonizing” poems composed by the princes reflect that their poetic creation is heavily constrained by various precedents,possessing an inherently strong “passivity”.The manifestation of this attribute not only reveals the significance of imperial poetry in the Qing dynasty as a function of state symbolism but also provides a crucial perspective for us today to understand the unique literary phenomenon of its decline from prosperity during the Daoguang reign.

Constructing the independent knowledge system of mental health science is of fundamental significance in China,while promoting and developing it is the essential pathway.This endeavor is a necessary response to national strategic needs,a solution to practical challenges,a breakthrough for developmental bottlenecks,and a means to enhance cultural confidence and discourse power.It is crucial to clarify its core characteristics—subjectivity and originality,indigenization and openness,systematicness and developmental orientation.Equally important is to define its short-term and long-term goals,along with its major tasks of theoretical innovation,methodological innovation,and practical innovation.The practical approaches must be systematically explored,including rooting in the soil of China while addressing socio-cultural contexts,drawing on practice to resolve problems with outcome-oriented strategies,and embracing social transformations to leverage technological empowerment and foster future development.Sustainable development can be realized,under enabling conditions such as institutional and mechanism innovation,strong talent support,sufficient resource investment,and optimized evaluation mechanisms,sustainable development can be realized.Ultimately,this will lead to the formation of a logically coherent,structurally integrated,distinctively characterized,and internationally influential independent knowledge system of mental health science in China,thereby empowering the construction of the national mental health service system and the cultivation of high-quality talents,while contributing Chinese wisdom,Chinese solutions,and Chinese strength to the global repository of mental health knowledge.

Over the past two decades,the practice of the “Special Post Program” has not only been a strategic measure in China's education sector to address the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas,but also a vivid model of the country using institutional innovation to solve the dilemma of rural teaching staff.As a systematic project that affects educational equity,rural revitalization,and social mobility,it has undergone 20 years of evolution and achieved phased institutional leaps.These phases include the emergency breakthrough and institutional foundation period (2006-2011),the policy optimization and adaptability improvement period (2012-2014),the in-depth integration and precise advancement period (2015-2020),and the quality improvement,transformation and connotative development period (2021-present).The program has achieved remarkable results in terms of institutional innovation,supplement of teaching staff,structural optimization,and educational equity.However,during its implementation,it still faces in-depth challenges.These challenges include inadequate transmission and implementation connection of policy information,unclear division of powers and responsibilities among implementing entities,and lagging quality development of the teaching team.Based on the dual needs of educational modernization and the rural revitalization strategy,in the future,efforts should be made to promote the program's transformation from “scale expansion” to “connotative development”.This can be achieved by strengthening information transmission and connection,advancing collaborative governance,and reconstructing the career development ecology for special post teachers,thereby providing solid institutional support for the high-quality development of rural education.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty,with the vigorous rise of archaistic trend of thought,the innovation of literary style and even literary form gradually became a common pursuit among many scholars.However,research that employs a “reverse chronology” approach and treats the Ancient Prose Movement as the endpoint often obscures the diverse explorations of archaistic scholars during this time.In fact,from the late Kaiyuan era onward,trends such as imitating Confucian classics through segment-by-segment or whole-text emulation and seeking ancient spirit to create new forms once gained popularity,though they rarely found successors after the Dali era.The method of “cutting ornament to return to simplicity”,which significantly reduced highly technical syntax such as interlaced parallelism in the parallel prose of Xu Ling and Yu Xin,reshaped the appearance of Tang Dynasty literature.Before the rise of the Ancient Prose Movement,archaistic scholars had in fact established a new literary form characterized by its liberal deployment of diverse syntactic structures,which stood in stark contrast to the Six Dynasties style defined by the combined use of simple parallelism and interlaced parallelism.

The implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities is a crucial measure to meet the needs of building an innovative country.The increasingly challenging entrepreneurial environment demands more precise positioning and effective implementation of such education in higher education institutions.Based on large-scale survey data from universities,a multilevel linear model is used to examine the impact of a new model of innovation and entrepreneurship education—oriented toward all students,the entire process,character development,and future goals—on college students' entrepreneurial intentions.The results indicate that,on the one hand,innovative teaching methods and applied teaching content in specialized education broadly enhance students' entrepreneurial intentions,while the development of their professional skills and comprehensive qualities significantly exerts a positive influence on their entrepreneurial aspirations.On the other hand,participating in entrepreneurship education and improving entrepreneurial competencies further strengthen both immediate and long-term entrepreneurial intentions among college students.These findings suggest that integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into the entire process of talent cultivation in universities can effectively foster the growth of high-quality,innovative entrepreneurial talents.

Since the beginning of the 21st century,research on the forms and essence of literary theory has yielded fruitful outcomes,yet a series of challenges remain to be addressed.If localization and originality are regarded as key criteria for constructing an independent knowledge system,current literary theory research still falls notably short of meeting these standards.Engaging in profound reflections on the status quo,confronting the core issues directly,and striving to identify solutions should be integral to the responsibility and mission of literary theory research today.As a branch of humanities,the legitimacy of literary theory must be grounded in humanistic values.A lack of awareness regarding academic ethics is among the major causes of persistent problems in the field,while cultivating such awareness represents a crucial pathway toward their resolution.