Beijing Normal University is the birthplace and research center of modern education in China.During the period of the Republic of China,Beijing Normal University actively introduced foreign pedagogy courses,and then established the Education Research Department,specializing in educational theories,Beijing Normal University became a veritable birthplace of modern education discipline in China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,our policy of learning from Soviet Union was established,and the educational world began to study Soviet pedagogy.Beijing Normal University was the center of studying and disseminating the Soviet Union's educational theories.Since the Reform and Opening Up,Beijing Normal University has re-launched the study of educational theories and introduced the educational theories and experience from developed countries,opening up new fields of educational science research.Now Chinese education has entered a new historical period,Chinese educational researchers are expected to establish a socialist education system,academic system and discourse system with Chinese characteristics.Guided by XI Jinping's important expositions on education,Beijing Normal University will strive to build a theoretical system of education with Chinese characteristics.

Health literacy is one of the hot issues concerned about by the government and scholars.The present study used variable-centered and individual-centered approaches to explore the development characteristics and group types of secondary school students' health literacy.The results showed that:(1) The questionnaire of secondary school students' health literacy has good reliability and validity.(2) There are no significant gender or urban-rural differences in overall health literacy.And girls are significantly better than boys in self-management subscale.The health literacy of lower-grade students in secondary school is significantly better than that of higher-grade students.(3) The health literacy of secondary school students can be divided into three latent groups:the poor health literacy group (about 11%),the general health literacy group (about 51%) and the excellent health literacy group (about 38%).In the excellent group,37% are the first-year students in junior high schools,and only 14%-18% are those students from the second year in junior high schools to the second year in senior high schools.To improve the health literacy of secondary school students,different contents and strategies of health literacy education should be implemented according to different grades,especially the higher-grade students should be paid special attention to.To promote the overall development of students' health literacy,we should especially make a breakthrough in healthy lifestyle education,and cultivate students' positive psychological qualities such as self-esteem,self-confidence and self-reliance.

Building the basic theory of history with Chinese characteristics in the new era is the goal of contemporary Chinese historiographical theory.Under the guidance of historical materialism and the new achievements of Chinese Marxism in the new era,this basic theory strives to reflect the inheritance,nationality,originality,epochal,systematic and academic nature of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.Its content is to build a basic structure based on historical theory and historiography and related major topics.And in the form of expression,it focuses on realizing the connection between ancient and modern from a vertical perspective,and explores a model of mutual learning between China and foreign countries from a horizontal perspective.The research on the basic theoretical issues of history with Chinese characteristics in the new era will help to promote the construction of the system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

The Chinese Nation has a long history.In the period of its origin and preliminary formation,the Huangdi Tribe was the core of the tribe group which consisted of many clans,tribes and tribe unions.After going through Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties,the Chinese Nation came into being in the Qin and Han Dynasties.This “One World of All” was the result of national identity shared by all the nations and states.In the historical development of ancient China,since the appearance of the “central power”,the “Fu” system which had been perfected until the Zhou Dynasty was the system guarantee of the formation of the Chinese Nation.The “Fu” system was the representation of tremendous cohesion and attraction of the central power and the Central Dynasty.The “national identity” included the identification and obedience to the central power and Xia,Shang,Zhou Dynasties,which was a necessary condition for becoming a member of the Chinese Nation.

The original intention of the establishment of history teaching groups is to use the Marxism theory to guide university history teachers to reinterpret the development process and laws of Chinese history,so as to meet the needs of the political situation at that time.In 1950,HOU Wailu learned the experience of the political mutual-aid study group in the North China People's Revolution University,and set up teaching groups in the department of history.This is not only an important measure to transform the history teaching and research in colleges and universities in the new period,but also in line with the needs of the country to transform the ideological system of intellectuals at that time.Each teaching group carried out teaching activities in the form of teacher-student forums,collective lesson preparation and listening,group regular meetings,tutorials etc., which achieved great repercussions.After Guangming Daily reported this as a typical case of teaching reform in colleges and universities,the Ministry of Education recommended its experience to colleges and universities all over the country.Subsequently,many universities in China set up their similar teaching organizations one after another.In a word,the establishment and operation of history teaching groups in Beijing Normal University has objectively promoted the process of reinterpreting the historical process and establishing a new discourse system by using the Marxism theory in history teaching in domestic universities.

Beijing Normal University has gone through a history of 120 years.The Chinese discipline has always accompanied the Beijing Normal University in the journey.The modern Chinese literature is an important filed that lays the foundation of the academic influence of Beijing Normal University.LIANG Qichao,MA Yuzao,LI Jinxi and other modern scholars,LU Xun,QIAN Xuantong,LIU Bannong and other new literary pioneers have jointly established the profound humanistic tradition of Beijing Normal University and this tradition can join ancient and modern.At the beginning of reform and opening up,LI Helin recreated a new situation in the modern literature discipline of Beijing Normal University.WANG Furen and others inherited and developed the “LI Helin's study of LU Xun”,which created another peak in the modern literature research of Beijing Normal University in the new era.For more than a hundred years,the modern Chinese literature of Beijing Normal University has become a discipline with a long tradition,rich characteristics,and important influence in the country and even the world.It has formed multiple characteristics,such as focusing on the study of literary history,parallel multi style studies,focusing on the study of writers' works and the construction of historical materials,and emphasizing the current value of literary research.The academic tradition of the modern literature of Beijing Normal University not only has the unique literary resources and ideological resources,but also contains the spirit of ancient sages and famous teachers who are calm and introverted,as well as pioneering and enterprising.This tradition shows the humanistic feelings of the Chinese discipline,witnesses the glory and hardships of Beijing Normal University for a century,and carries the ideological evolution and the era vogue of the Chinese nation for a century.

Mr.LI Jinxi,with his advanced educational philosophy,forward-looking modern awareness,broadened academic vision and persistent exploration spirit,has formed his unique teaching thought of Chinese reading during his 70-year teaching and research.His teaching theory of Chinese reading with “reading” as its core is of important theoretical value.Firstly,he gives top priority to reading instruction in Chinese teaching,with teachers teaching students to “read”,students learning to “read” as its primary goal.Secondly,he emphasizes the driving role of reading,with “reading” promoting the overall improvement of listening,speaking and writing ability.Thirdly,the idea promotes the interaction and unity of teaching and learning,which not only gives play to the dominant role of teachers but also mobilizes the autonomy of students.Finally,it distinguishes the different teaching strategies of reading between vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese with the teaching ideas of “two guides”,“four catalogues” and “four sections”.As this year marks the 120th anniversary of Beijing Normal University,the in-depth study of LI Jinxi's teaching thought of Chinese reading will undoubtedly have the value of important enlightenment and reference for reading teaching in the new era.

The Chinese discipline is one of the oldest disciplines in Beijing Normal University.It stems from the Normal Department of Imperial University of Peking,integrating the achievements and tradition of the Chinese discipline from colleges like National Peking Normal University,National Peking Women's Normal University as well as Peking Fu Jen University.Recently in the library of Capital University of Economics and Business,some dissertations of the Chinese Department of Peking Fu Jen University were found out.In these documents,the typical characteristics of dissertations on Chinese language and literature of the Republic of China period are clearly manifested,which gives us some first-hand materials and information for our research on the academic history of the Chinese discipline of Beijing Normal University,and provides us with a unique perspective for research on sages and famous scholars such as YU Jiaxi,SUN Kaidi,GU Sui and SUN Renhe.

In the new era,the core competency of mental health for teachers involves the high level of mentalizing ability to cope with the challenges in teaching and management.Based on teasing out the development of the mentalization concept,this paper is to propose the connotation of teacher mentalization in the context of the specificity of the teaching profession.Specifically,it refers to the psychological process in which teachers become aware of their own and others' mental state based on their prior experiences and behavioral patterns in interactions with students and parents,and continuously reflect on and adjust their interpersonal communication in the process of interaction.Additionally,this paper introduces and analyzes the pseudomentalization and nonmentalization that frequently occur in teachers' work,such as intrusive pseudomentalization,overactive form of pseudomentalization,and destructively inaccurate pseudomentalization.Finally,specific methods and approaches to enhance teachers' mentalizing ability are proposed,including improving mirroring ability,reflective function,mindful teaching ability as well as strengthening emotional regulation ability and improving stress resistance.

The coupling of pro-poor growth and inclusive policy constitutes the core experience of poverty reduction in China.The pro-poor growth has made rapid development synchronize with large-scale poverty reduction,and economic transformation synchronize with the eradication of abject poverty.The inclusive policy has provided policy preferences and basic guarantees for tens of millions of impoverished groups,and with the characteristics of the stage changing,the policy has been innovated and upgraded,breaking the myth of the marginal diminishing effect of poverty reduction.So,it is necessary to review the great history of poverty reduction in China and summarize the experience and enlightenment of poverty reduction in China in the complicated relationship between economic growth,inequality and poverty reduction at different periods.In conclusion,the review and summary are not only necessary for the long-term adherence to and continuous development of the spirit of poverty reduction so as to continuously promote the comprehensive rural revitalization and solidly promote common prosperity,but also provide a model for other developing countries to choose their own path of poverty reduction so as to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development goal of poverty reduction as soon as possible.

Trade costs and technological innovation are the core elements affecting trade behaviors.From the perspective of the theoretical mechanism by which the digital economy affects inter-provincial trade,the digital economy relies on the Internet,artificial intelligence,big data and other information technologies to break the time and space constraints,enhance the effectiveness of information and the matching efficiency of elements,and help reduce trade costs and promote knowledge spillover to promote inter-provincial trade.The empirical test results show that:First,the development of digital economy can significantly promote inter-provincial trade outflow in the province.Second,there is a significant structural heterogeneity in the promotion effect of digital economy on inter-provincial trade.Third,the increase of inter-provincial trade outflow is mainly caused by the decrease of trade costs and knowledge spillover brought by the development of digital economy in the province,and the mechanism of reducing trade costs is more obvious.Fourth,the development of inter-provincial trade in neighboring provinces can promote the trade outflow of the province,while the development of its digital economy will have a negative spatial spillover effect on the trade outflow of the province.

Guiding the rational allocation of manufacturing capital among regions is the key to achieving common prosperity among regions and improving the domestic economic circulation.This paper investigates the impact of digital transformation on the trans-regional investment of manufacturing enterprises based on the Firm Boundary Theory:(1) Digital transformation can promote the trans-regional investment of manufacturing enterprises by reducing the coordination costs within the organization.(2) In the process of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises,their trans-regional investment structure is more inclined to service-oriented business.(3) In general,digital transformation has made investment agglomerate in developed regions,but as the economic gap between regions narrows,this agglomeration effect will be weakened.In the future,we should continue to increase the investment in the digital transformation of manufacturing,and guide the manufacturing capital to developing areas.

“A direct-line disciple of Zhuzi”,“a guardian of Zhuzi's Philosophy”,and “believing RAO Lu more than Zhuzi”,these three comments on CHEN Li reflect how to view the inheritance and development of Zhuzi Philosophy on the part of the later scholars of Zhuzi.But considering from the Fours Books Interpretation by CHEN Li,the book did put forward many ideas different from those of Zhuzi with a little direct expression of dissatisfaction with Zhuzi,and most of objections by means of quoting others' ideas.Apart from adopting different theories of ZHANG Nanxuan,the book proposed the amendment to Zhuzi by RAO Shuangfeng (RAO Lu) in particular,which shows the spirit of “seeking truth” of Zhuzi's Philosophy.But it aroused the criticism of SHI Boxuan with strong consciousness of protecting Zhuzi.SHI Boxuan criticized CHEN Li for his turning back to RAO Lu and deviating from Zhuzi to a certain extent.The different comments between scholars reflect the disputes of two different interpretations of the “seeking truth” of Zhuzi's Philosophy and “protecting Zhuzi's Philosophy” since Song and Yuan Dynasties.The different comments also reflect the internal tension between “loyal officials” and “sycophantic officials” among the later scholars of Zhuzi.Adherence to the spirit of “seeking truth” is the key to go beyond the divergence of “loyal officials” and “preposterous opinions”.

The “Hume's Problem” reveals the huge gap between “is” and “ought”,leaving a difficult problem pointing to agnosticism.Starting from “practice,that is,experiment and industry”,Engels refuted Hume's agnosticism and added a link of “able” between “is” and “ought”,thus forming a new logical relationship chain which is about “is-able-ought”.This provides us with an innovative theoretical perspective which helps us to re-understand the importance of Aristotle's question of “production” and the profound meaning of Hegel's famous proposition that “everything that is realistic is rational,and everything that is rational is realistic”.This will also help us to correctly understand the link of “able” that most often causes cognitive fuzziness and confusion in reality,and correctly deal with the relationship which is about “is-able-ought”,so as to reduce all kinds of errors in judgment and action.

Thomas Hobbes,the modern mechanical materialist,viewed word symbols as the basis of thinking,showed the geometric definitions of words were the beginning of human ratiocination,and indicated in essence ratiocination was calculation,namely,it was the addition and subtraction of words.On this basis,he further revealed the similar relationship between man and machinery,explained man as the automatic device controlled by mechanical movement and related to language.And he emphasized that we can elucidate the causal relationship of things and get the results that are good for ourselves by the light of reason,that is,philosophical knowledge.Along the way,it is not difficult to find that Hobbes' philosophy is intended to give an abstract description of ratiocination.In a sense,it is the ideological origin ofsymbolic artificial intelligence.

In the middle and late Western Jin Dynasty,it was difficult for the sons and the younger brothers of poor families to get a fair chance for promotion.The court of Western Jin Dynasty took some measures to try to break the current situation of “selecting officials according to family status”.It met the expectations of many people of insight to promote people who were humble origin with talents.The famous metaphysicians promoted some friends with humble origin and let them enter the bureaucracy in the late Western Jin Dynasty.These people with humble origin had no political talent.The famous metaphysicians did not realize the contemporaries' expectation of “sorting out the order of talents”.They took the official position of the state as their exclusive domain and used public power to provide convenience for themselves and their friends.The famous metaphysical scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty no longer promoted people with humble origin.They formed a closed community of interests and monopolized the important positions in bureaucratic system.