In the course of human modernization,the relationship between the nationality of culture and its epochal character is not only the important problem in the study of cultural philosophy,but also an epochal subject faced by the Chinese nation as it gradually moves towards the centre of the global stage,and it is also an important perspective for understanding the connotation of Chinese modernization and The modern Chinese civilization as well as the relationship between them.On the one hand,Chinese modernization,which is the “old state and new destiny” of the Chinese nation,implies a major trend in world history:The term “modernization” is temporal and refers to the transformation of the “old” into the “new”.For the Chinese nation,the relationship between the “old”and the “new” is the important perspective of modernization.For the Communist Party of China,Chinese modernization is a great achievement of righteousness and innovation,and an organic combination of the “old state”and the “new destiny”.On the other hand,the modern civilization,which highlights cultural subjectivity,manifests the trend of national development:From a historical perspective,the modern civilization of the Chinese nation arose from the challenge of modernization.From the perspective of reality,the modern Chinese civilization manifests the principal role of Chinese nation.From the perspective of the future,the modern Chinese civilization is a new civilization formed on the basis of the practice of Chinese modernization.In a word,Chinese modernization and the modern Chinese civilization are a two-way empowering relationship:The Chinese modernization has given the Chinese civilization the power of modernity.The construction of the modern Chinese civilization has given Chinese modernization a distinctive national cultural imprint.They both have created a new form of human civilization.

The view of history is one of the domains to which Marx has made most original contributions.The historical materialism refers to Marx's philosophy or Marxist philosophy.Prior to its birth,all schools of philosophy were constrained by “the myth of ideas” and “concealment” in terms of the view of history.These two constrains stem from the division of labor,which is a concrete historical form in human practice,especially the division of labor between material and intellectual production,as well as the emergence and proliferation of occupational intellectual producers.The establishment of historical materialism has put an end to three myths,namely,the myth that ideas determine history,the myth of historical philosophy transcending historical bounds,and the myth of historicism.Its establishment has opened up a new philosophical landscape.To adhere to and develop the historical materialism,we should abandon the research paradigm with sole emphasis on ideas,literature and concepts,and instead,it behooves us to pay attention to the changes of historical forms,thus conducting the study of living history.

“School subject” in primary and secondary school and “academic discipline” in university are the double connotations of major teacher education,and the correlation between them constitutes the essential duality characteristics of major teacher education in China.The duality of major teacher education helps better serve the national major strategy,complement the shortcomings of the traditional subject-based curriculum and instruction,and improve primary and secondary school teachers' teaching research,scientific research and training system.In this regard,put forward that the duality of major teacher education is the conceptual advancement and logical progression of the duality of school subject and academic discipline and the education based on them.Meanwhile,school subject-based and academic discipline-based teacher education are different from each other but also interrelated.In the future,it is necessary to promote the coupling of various elements in university-based teacher education through academic discipline-based teacher education,construct the basic teacher education system in administrative districts and counties with school subject-based teacher education as the core,promote the integration of academic discipline and school subject-based teacher education system,and carry out long-term,sustained and stable research on the duality of various major teacher education.

The construction of a powerful country in education and a high-quality education system has proposed higher demands on the professional competence promotion of primary and secondary school teachers in China.Study findings show a strong overall willingness among Chinese primary and secondary school teachers to enhance their professional competence,with focuses on improving their competence to promote students' mental health and their comprehensive development.Meanwhile,teachers present a strong demand for the guarantee of professional development,especially on ensuring faculty study and lesson preparation,improving assessment and evaluation systems,and enhancing the professional title evaluation system and salary benefits policies.It is suggested to establish and improve a high-quality teacher professional development support system,to improve teacher assessment and evaluation,professional title evaluation systems and other incentive and guarantee systems,to promptly formulate supporting policies for benefits guarantees,and to promote further understanding,respect and supports for teachers throughout society.

Developmental tasks have long been a key concept in the field of developmental psychology,which not only provide a better understanding of human development but also guide education policy development and direct school education.Based on a three-year longitudinal dataset from 3837 Chinese high school students,the current study used the personal-centered approach to identify the patterns of the attainment of developmental tasks and examine the links between these patterns and the trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms.Four meaningful patterns have emerged.Students in the high attainment group experienced a steadily low level of depression over time compared to those in the low and relatively low attainment groups.These findings revealed the evolution of adjustment process when certain developmental milestones are met.

After nearly a century of evolution,“intensive parenting” has become the dominant parenting paradigm and ideal standard in contemporary society,yet it is far from flawless.This article,with examination as its frame about the attitudes and behaviors associated with intensive parenting,has conducted a review of the complex impacts of this approach on child development.The existing empirical evidence suggests that when beyond a certain threshold,the increased parental involvement and investment characteristic of intensive parenting would not only fail to yield additional benefits but can also have detrimental impacts in multiple domains,and these influences are further moderated by social class,gender,and cultural background.The practice of intensive parenting poses risks for both children and parents,and the future research would benefit from adopting a more systematic and in-depth investigation into the mechanisms coming into play within the Chinese context.

Li Yun in The Book of Rites is one of the most important texts in Confucian ritual thought.Through the dialogue between Confucius and Yan Yan,the essay elaborates on the origin,essence and value of rites.Confucius holds that the emergence of rites stems from the disruption of the society of universal harmony,and they,as social order and rules of life,are developed to maintain the social harmony and the equality among people.They originate from the earliest sacrificial offerings and are derived from nature,serving as a necessity for human survival.They are based on natural principles and human sentiments,unifying the Dao and righteousness.And therefore,rites and righteousness complement each other,embodying the value of rites as a fundamental means for human society to return to the “world of universal harmony”.This text presents the most systematic theoretical exposition of the pre-Qin Confucian understanding of “rites”.It provides an in-depth understanding of pre-Qin Confucian ritual thought and its essence with Confucius as a representative and serves as an important foundation for a renewed understanding of the Chinese Confucian ideological system in the present day.

The chapter “Qiao Xiao Qian Xi” in The Analects of Confucius records that Zi Xia asked Confucius some questions about poetry and that there was a dialogue that was cyclical and meaningful between the master and disciple.This chapter involves many issues such as traditional poetry studies,ritual studies and artistic aesthetics.Ancient and modern interpretations of these issues differ widely,especially the relationship between “simplicity” and “ritual”,as well as the value attribute of “ritual”.According to the syntax of The Book of Songs and the logical hierarchy expressed in the “Qiao Xiao Qian Xi” chapter of The Analects of Confucius,it is highly likely that the expression of “Su Yi Wei Xuan Xi”is not a poetic line,but a commentary on poetry and literature.The text of the chapter “Qiao Xiao Qian Xi” has been constantly changing in later generations,involving many textual phenomena such as text improvement and text convergence,as well as variations in the correlation between different texts.Behind any phenomenon of the text variation,there are ideological factors coming into play,reflecting the mutual shaping power between texts and thoughts.

As an important form of writing that carries the ideas of Neo-Confucianism,quotations are often considered different from annotations and articles,and they are the texts that can continue the spirit of lectures and utilize the advantages of face-to-face teaching.However,this understanding is not entirely consistent with the views of Neo- Confucianism scholars in the Song Dynasty.Quotations belong to a special form between oral and written transmission,and their advantages in oral transmission cannot conceal their drawbacks in written transmission.The distortion and loss of control of the texts caused by the intervention of the recorders,as well as the deviation from the non-utilitarian and experiential spirit of Neo-Confucianism in the process of compiling and using quotations,have given rise to the criticism from scholars like Cheng Yi,Xie Liangzuo.The critics may seem to deny the value of quotations,but in reality,they have played a role in regulating the behaviors of recording and reading quotations,leading them back to the right track of acquiring knowledge through observations of things.Quotations and articles are both tools for conveying truth,and neither is superior to the other.Their opposition is triggered by the daily philosophy of Neo-Confucianism,and the discourse debate between the statement of “writing harms truth” and the statement of “quotations are not literary” confirms their limitations and vitality in different spaces.

The appellations as seen in the royal commands suggest that the ruler-subject relation in the context of the Zhou Dynasty evolved over time,and did not completely equal the familial order.In the Western Zhou period,the appellations mainly included individual names and official titles,indicating that the contemporary ruler-subject relationto some degree transcended the familial order.During the Spring and Autumn period,by contrast,numerous kinship terms can be seen in the royal commands,suggesting that the element of kinship strengthened in the political order of this time.The dynamic for such a transformation is that the inept Zhou rulers who faced a new political environment utilized the kinship as a strategy to strengthen their connection with regional lords,consolidate the Zhou community,and distinguish themselves from the so-called “barbarians”.Viewing the kinship as a strategy offers a new path to the study of the lineage organization in early China.

The customs duties went through stages such as self-transformation under the traditional system and new changes after external forces intervening in the Qing Dynasty.The income of the domestic customs duties in the early Qing Dynasty was overall not high and its position in the financial system was not prominent.In the late Qing Dynasty,the importance of the customs duties was rising,and the foreign customs duties collection was gradually handed over to foreigners for management,a Western style management model was adopted,the quantity of taxes collected increased significantly,and significant changes had taken place in the customs regime.There were differences in the fiscal structure and collection methods between the West and China,but their development and evolution shared similarities.Both sides had gone through a transition from direct taxation to indirect taxation as the main approach.At the same time,the West had shifted from a tax inclusive system to direct taxation by state officials,which was in line with China's long-standing practice.The evolution of tariffs during the late Qing Dynasty was influenced by both internal and external factors,and the two forces worked together to promote the transformation of Chinese society.The direction and results of this transformation were similar to the path taken by the West.

Commonality is the concept of the relationship,attribute and state of things.Discussing the issue of commonality from the conflict between the common life of the crowd and the common desire of human nature,Xunzi constructs a common order with differential equality,transforms the real human nature with the common order,and finally implements the human mind's understanding of the common existence spectrum of all things in the universe,and realizes an understanding of commonality.It shows the ideological characteristics that great importance is attached to the concepts of utility,rationality and unity.Xunzi's thought of commonality is based on the construction of a harmonious community of people,paying attention to the human nature and human heart in real life,and closely combines the commonality with the Confucian order of human ethics and the norms of etiquette and law,which has opened the precedent of political rule and academic thought unification since the Qin and Han Dynasties.

The quantitative research on the trade effects of digital trade rules is urgently needed with the continuous development of digital trade rules under the framework of regional trade agreements.Based on the panel data of bilateral digital export trade of 40 countries (or regions) around the world to all their trading partners from 2005 to 2019,this paper has acquired the following findings.Firstly,the digital trade rules under the framework of regional trade agreements have a significantly positive impact on the digital service export trade of the contracting parties.The smaller the gap of the digital infrastructure and the regulatory level between the contracting parties,the greater the export promoting effect.Signing digital trade rules will promote the growth of digital service export trade by lowering digital trade barriers between the contracting parties.Secondly,whether it is trade-promotion-related clauses,data-related clauses,or privacy protection clauses,they all reflect a stronger promoting effect on digital service export trade.Thirdly,the European template and other templates have all shown a positive promoting effect on digital service export,while the American template has shown an inhibitory effect.Lastly,digital trade rules have also shown a significant promoting effect on the export of digital goods,especially the export of information and communication-technology products.

An empirical analysis was conducted on the relationship between digital inclusive finance,government subsidies,and financing constraints among small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises listed on the SME board from 2011 to 2021.The study found that digital inclusive finance significantly alleviates the financing constraints of high-tech enterprises on the small and medium-sized board,and this effect strengthens with the increase of government subsidies.From a multidimensional perspective,the breadth of coverage of digital inclusive finance had a significant negative impact on financing constraints,and government subsidies could play a positive regulatory role.Heterogeneity analysis showed that for enterprises not audited by the Big Four,earlier established,and those in regions with lower levels of economic development and bank competition,digital inclusive finance had a more pronounced effect in alleviating financing constraints,and the regulatory effect of government subsidies was also stronger.