工作要求—资源模型:理论和实证研究的拓展脉络

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 工作要求—资源模型是探讨工作特征对职业倦怠和工作投入等结果变量影响的理论模型。随着实证研究的积累,该模型也在不断完善和发展,具体表现为:(1)对工作特征变量进行细分,将工作要求区分为挑战性要求和阻碍性要求并探讨对结果变量的不同影响,未来研究可尝试细分工作资源;(2)引入个体特征变量,如个体资源(包括乐观、自我效能感和基于组织的自尊)、心理弹性、心理资本和职业胜任力,未来可尝试补充其他类型的个体资源,并增加个体需求和动机、价值观等个体差异因素,以丰富已有变量;(3)组织内外变量的拓展,如增加工作重塑、组织因素和家庭因素,以扩展模型结构;(4)研究方法的改进,从最初的横断研究到两时点的追踪研究,再到多时点的长程追踪研究,以探索模型内部作用机制随着时间的演变规律。可以预见,工作要求—资源模型变量的丰富和方法的改进,将使模型结构更加科学、实践应用不断深入。

关键词: 工作要求—资源模型, 个体资源, 个体要求, 组织特征, 模型发展

Abstract: The Job Demands-Resources Model is a theoretical model to explore the effect of job characteristics on burnout and work engagement. With the accumulation of empirical research, this model is being constantly refined and developed. First, subdivide the job characteristics variables, differentiate the job demands into the challenge demands and the hindrance demands, and discuss their effects on outcome variables, while future research may try to subdivide job resources. Second, introduce individual characteristics such as personal resources (including optimistic, self-efficacy and organization-based self-esteem), resilience, psychological capital and professional competency, and we can try to supplement other types of personal resources, and also increase personal demands, motivation, values and other individual factors to enrich the existing variables in the future. Third, we can expand the internal and external variables of the organization, such as job crafting, organizational factors and family factors to expand the model structure. Fourth, we can improve the research methods, from cross-sectional research to two-point longitudinal study, and then to multi-point long-range longitudinal study to explore the evolution of the internal mechanism of the model over time.

Key words: Job Demands-Resources Model, personal resources, personal demands, organizational characteristics, model development

中图分类号:

B849

齐亚静, 伍新春. 工作要求—资源模型:理论和实证研究的拓展脉络[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 0(6): 28-36.

QI Ya-jing, WU Xin-chun. Job Demands-Resources Model: The Development of Theoretical and Empirical Research[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2018, 0(6): 28-36.

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