复杂问题解决能力的概念、影响因素及培养策略

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 复杂问题解决是指问题解决者与动态的任务环境之间成功交互的过程。随着现代社会对非常规工作需求的增加,复杂问题解决能力已成为胜任未来工作的关键能力之一。研究者将复杂问题解决的过程分解为知识获得和知识应用两个阶段,并据此开发了模拟微观世界和多项复杂系统,用以评估个体的复杂问题解决能力。综合该领域已有的研究成果,认知能力、元认知能力、动机和情绪等心理因素均在复杂问题解决过程中发挥重要作用,影响复杂问题解决的质量。因此,复杂问题解决能力的培养应以相关认知能力和元认知能力的发展为目标,引导学生在不同问题情境中习得一般性问题解决知识,根据真实问题设计教学活动,提升教师知识和技能,此外,还需要重视非认知因素的作用。未来研究应考虑教育实践的需要,继续探索复杂问题解决能力的结构,完善测量工具,关注干预研究。

关键词: 复杂问题解决, 认知能力, 元认知能力, 动机, 情绪

Abstract: Complex problem solving (CPS)refers to efficient interaction between an individual and a dynamic task.With an increase of non-routine work in modern society,CPS competency has become one of the core abilities required by the future world.Based on the two-dimensional construct of CPS including knowledge acquisition and knowledge application,researchers have developed Computer Simulated Microworlds and Multiple Complex Systems to measure CPS of an individual.Extant studies have revealed that some factors contribute a lot to CPS,including cognitive ability,knowledge,metacognitive ability,motivation,and emotion.Training in CPS should aim at the development of these cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,and provide students with general problem situations for gaining and applying general problem-solving knowledge.Teachers should acquire more theoretical knowledge and skills for CPS-based teaching and design teaching activities to solve real-life problems.Meanwhile,the development of CPS ability also deserves more attention to the role of non-cognitive factors.Based on the needs of training practice,researchers should examine the construct of CPS,improve its measures,and attach more importance to intervention in future studies.

Key words: complex problem solving (CPS), cognitive ability, metacognitive ability, motivation, emotion

中图分类号:

B842

李一茗, 黎坚. 复杂问题解决能力的概念、影响因素及培养策略[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 0(5): 36-48.

LI Yiming, LI Jian. Complex Problem Solving:Conceptualization,influential factors and training strategies[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2020, 0(5): 36-48.

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