学校氛围的界定、测量及其与学生发展的关系——研究述评与展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 学校氛围是能够全方位反映学生总体学校经历的关键学校特征之一,日益受到研究者的关注,因此对已有学校氛围概念界定、测量及其与学生发展关系的研究进行系统梳理和整合具有重要意义。作为一个复杂的多维度概念,学校氛围可以从组织氛围、社会系统环境以及社会心理氛围等三个角度加以界定与测量。有关学校氛围对学生发展的直接影响以及内外部交互影响机制的广泛探讨,证实了积极学校氛围与学生良好发展的密切关系。学校氛围对不同群体学生发展还存在差异性影响,主要体现在良好学校氛围对处境不利学生的保护作用以及消极学校氛围对处境不利学生不良发展结果的加剧作用。在未来的学校氛围研究中,应重视将其作为多维的动态变量来进行评估,构建分层模型和多因素交互模型来深入探究学校氛围对学生发展作用的内在机制,并实施循证性干预来验证学校氛围各维度对学生发展的具体效用。

关键词: 学校氛围, 概念界定, 测量方法, 学生发展

Abstract: School climate was widely recognized as one of the key school characteristics that can reflect students' school experiences in all aspects.There has been a growing interest in school climate in the recent few decades.Therefore,it was of great significance to systematically review the research of school climate on its definition,measurement and its relationship with students' development.As a complex multi-faceted construct,school climate was defined as a kind of organizational climate,a kind of social environment and the social-psychological climate of school from three perspectives.A number of studies have extensively examined the direct effects on student's development and the interaction effects of the overall school climate.All the findings confirmed the close positive connection between school climate and students' development.The differential effects of school climate on developmental outcomes for different student groups were also found,which was mainly reflected in the protective effect of a good school climate on disadvantaged students and the intensifying effect of a negative school climate on the adverse development of disadvantaged students.In future researches on the school climate,we should pay attention to evaluating it as a multi-dimensional dynamic variable,constructing hierarchical models and multiple factors interactions model to deeply explore the mechanism underlying the association between school climate and student development,and implementing evidence-based intervention studies.

Key words: school climate, definition, measurement, students' development

中图分类号:

李蓓蕾, 张莉莉, 梁娟, 周楠, 邓林园. 学校氛围的界定、测量及其与学生发展的关系——研究述评与展望[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 0(6): 15-28.

LI Beilei, ZHANG Lili, LIANG Juan, ZHOU Nan, DENG Linyuan. The Definition and Measurement of School Climate and Its Relationship with Students' Development:A review and prospect[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2020, 0(6): 15-28.

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