关键词: 历史主动性, 方法论建构, 总体性范畴, 阶级意识, 同一的主体—客体

Abstract: Lukács's theoretical construction of the methodology of historical initiative from the perspective of the “totality category” has its realistic and profound ideological motivation.The motivation is to overcome the reductionist interpretation of historical development laws by vulgar Marxism and its economic determinism,which can help review the positive and negative lessons brought about by the social revolution.Finally,he uses the ideological logic of historical dialectics to explain the dialectical relationship between historical determinism and historical initiative.As a philosophical argument of historical initiative,Lukács's “totality category” not only defines the overall historical thought of Marxism from the perspective of social ontology,but also demonstrates the subjectivity principle of Marxism from the perspective of revolutionary practice.Of course,Lukács's philosophical argument has an overcorrected bias.He interprets historical dialectics as a dialectical consciousness,transforming his concept of “communist historical philosophy” into a idealism historical philosophy.This bias has also become a theoretical feature of “Western Marxism”,thereby promoting the theoretical evolution of various “cultural Marxism” after Lukács.

Key words: historical initiative, methodology construction, totality category, class consciousness, subject-object identity