环境与经济视域下20世纪中后期美国污染治理的历史反思——以“波特假设”的评析为中心

北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 85-98.

环境与经济视域下20世纪中后期美国污染治理的历史反思——以“波特假设”的评析为中心

刘向阳

西北工业大学马克思主义学院,西安 710129

出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:刘向阳,历史学博士,西北工业大学马克思主义学院教授。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目“环境史视野下美国的生态马克思主义研究”(22BSS055);西北工业大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“生态马克思主义视角下中国共产党‘美丽中国’建设的理论逻辑、历史反思和话语体系”(G2024KY05104)。

Historical Reflections on Pollution Control in the United States in the Mid- to Late-20th Century from the Perspective of Environment and Economy:A Review of the “Porter Hypothesis”

LIU Xiangyang

School of Marxism,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710129,China

Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 20世纪70年代作为美国的“环境十年”,严格的环境管制给国民经济造成了巨幅扰动,诱发了经济阵痛,以致环境管制和经济发展之间的对立冲突论长期占据主导地位。从20世纪80年代后期开始,美国经济稳步回升,环境治理初见成效,政府和民众对二者的关系认知发生转变。以此为背景,哈佛大学商学院迈克尔·波特教授提出了著名的“波特假设”,认为依靠技术创新弥补环境管制的成本,能够实现经济发展和环境治理的和谐统一。作为美国经验的总结,“波特假设”从经济学角度为污染治理开出了良方,但也并非放之四海而皆准。从实践看,“波特假设”成立与否有着极端的复杂性。对其合理性,将其延伸,我们应给予肯定和借鉴。对其缺陷,我们应展开批判,认清其本质特征。

关键词: 环境管制, 波特假设, 去工业化, 经济结构

Abstract: The “Environmental Decade” of the 1970s in the United States,witnessed strict environmental regulation causing significant disruptions to the national economy and triggering economic pains.As a result,the conflict between environmental regulation and economic development dominated for a long time.Starting from the late 1980s,the U.S.economy have steadily recovered,and environmental governance have begun to show initial results.And the government and the public's perception of the relationship between the two have changed.Against this backdrop,Professor Michael Porter at HarvardBusiness School proposed the famous “Porter Hypothesis”,arguing that relying on technological innovation to offset the costs of environmental regulation could achieve a harmonious unity of economic development and environmental governance.As a summary of the American experience,the “Porter Hypothesis” provided a good prescription for pollution control from an economic perspective,but it is not universally applicable.In practice,the validity of the “Porter Hypothesis” is extremely complex.Regarding its rationality and extension,we should give them recognition and actively draw lessons from them.As for its flaws,we should criticize them and recognize their essential characteristics.

Key words: environmental regulation, the Porter Hypothesis, deindustrialization, economic structure

中图分类号:

K153

刘向阳. 环境与经济视域下20世纪中后期美国污染治理的历史反思——以“波特假设”的评析为中心[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 0(3): 85-98.

LIU Xiangyang. Historical Reflections on Pollution Control in the United States in the Mid- to Late-20th Century from the Perspective of Environment and Economy:A Review of the “Porter Hypothesis”[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2025, 0(3): 85-98.