欢迎访问《北京师范大学学报》(社会科学版),今天是

北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4): 5-16.

• 教育论坛 •    下一篇

教育对经济增长的贡献——理论与方法的演变及其启示

杜育红, 赵冉   

  1. 北京师范大学 教育经济研究所、首都教育经济研究院,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-23 发布日期:2020-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵冉,E-mail: zhaoran@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“教育与经济发展关系及贡献研究”(15JZD040)。

The Contributions of Education to Economic Growth:The evolution of theory and method and its enlightenment

DU Yuhong, ZHAO Ran   

  1. Institute of Educational Economics,Capital Institute of Educational Economics,BNU,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2020-02-23 Published:2020-12-10

摘要: 教育与经济增长的关系是教育经济学研究的一个经典问题,已有研究在教育如何作用于经济,教育对经济增长的贡献到底如何测量上一直存在较大的争议。中国作为一个后发追赶型的二元经济,四十多年的发展很难用西方经济学的某一理论解释,探讨教育与经济增长的关系需要建构统一的理论框架。基于新古典增长理论、新经济增长理论以及蔡昉、罗斯托的经济发展阶段理论,寻找各种理论与方法的内在逻辑及其存在的问题,结合中国改革开放四十多年发展的阶段特征,分析教育对经济增长的作用机制并尝试提出符合中国经济社会发展实际的教育对经济增长贡献的测量框架。一方面通过分阶段分产业分部门进行增长要素分析,基于作用机制分别测算教育提升生产过程劳动力质量的贡献,提升整个社会人力资本与知识水平的外部作用,提升技术创新的作用,提升技术吸收能力的作用以及在资本积累方面的贡献。另一方面借鉴舒尔茨的投资收益法,在分产业分部门的教育投资收益法基础上,通过加权的方式,计算各阶段中国教育对经济增长的贡献。另外,选择的教育指标能否实质性地捕捉到各个发展阶段的教育特征也是测算贡献的一个重要问题,人力资本指标的选择应该反映市场上不同时期对不同能力与技能的需求变化。

关键词: 教育经济学, 经济增长, 人力资本, 作用机制

Abstract: The relationship between education and economic growth is a classic issue in the study of educational economics,but there is no consensus on how did the education contribute to economic growth nor on how to measure its contribution.As China is a dual economy featured with late-evolution and catching-up,it is difficult to explain the forty-year development of China with some certain theory of Western economics.To explore the relationship between education and economic growth requires a unified theoretical framework.By examining the neoclassical growth theory,the new economic growth theory,technology diffusion theory and Walt Whitman Rostow's and CAI Fang's economic development stage theories,this paper seeks for the internal logic of various theories and methods and their problems.By combining with the developing characteristics of China over the forty years of reform and opening-up,the paper analyzes the effecting mechanism of education on economic growth,and attempts to propose a framework for measuring the contributions of education to economic growth in line with the reality of China's economic and social developments.On the one hand,the analysis on the growth factors by phases,industries and sectors on the basis of the effecting mechanism of education reveals the contributions of education in improving the quality of labor force in the production process,increasing the entire social human capital and knowledge level,strengthening the technological innovation and the absorption of technology and promoting capital accumulation.On the other hand,the contribution of China's education to economic growth at various stages could be calculated by industries and sectors by the weighted method according to Theodore William Schultz's theory on investment and benefit.In addition,whether the selected educational indicators can substantially capture the educational characteristics of various development stages is also an important issue in measuring the contributions.The choice of human capital indicators should reflect the changes in the market's demand for different capabilities and skills in different periods.

Key words: educational economics, economic growth, human capital, effecting mechanism

中图分类号: