关键词: 苏格拉底方法, 思辨辩证法, 概念辩证法, 历史感

Abstract: Dialectics originates from the actual needs of human beings to plan for survival.Through discourse rhetoric,logical reasoning and other forms,it participates in the historical process of people's life,refining and expressing human survival experience.Since ancient times,dialectics has won the solid content which it bases itself on and develops from in the process of solving the problems of the times.It is the content that promotes and leads the development of dialectics.The essence of the “Socratic method” is to transform the current life and construct new principles of the times.The “speculative dialectics” initiated by Plato examines things and clarifies thoughts in the way of “formal argument”.Hegel constructed the “speculative logic” to transcend the “logic of understanding” obsessed by Plato and others,express the “sense of history” in the context of abstract speculation,and show the essential requirement of dialectics to realize the “specialization of universal things”.Marx had a profound insight into the times when social historical creation factors were given priority,refused to interpret dialectic cognitive thinking from subjectivism and formalism,turned Hegel's “abstract-historical thinking” into “realistic-historical thinking”,and clarified the new realm of dialectics oriented by returning to the life world.

Key words: Socratic method, speculative dialectics, conceptual dialectics, the sense of history