Abstract: Improving the living space for the rural residents should be the goal of rural revitalization.The less-modernization in macro-level and over-modernization on micro-level co-exists in rural China.This paper criticizes the traditional rural modernization strategy under the macro less-modernization,which focus on the contribution of countryside to the urban economy and take the rural revitalization as a periodical strategy in the urbanization.The environmental problems in the countryside came from the over-modernization on micro-level,so the traditional development model,promoting the large-size and specialized farming,increasing the rural consumption,would make the rural environment worsen,and reduce the living space of small farmers.In the rural revitalization,the policy-makers ought to promote the employment-oriented industry development,encourage the diversified agriculture and reduce the pollution by the chemical products.

Key words: rural revitalization, rural environment, small farmers, rural agency