Abstract: The mutual compliance between nature and human has long been discussed in western countries and China,so it is impropriate to regard it as a unique concept in China.YU Yingshi(YU Yingshih)'s thought on the inward mutual compliance from the perspective of cultural breakthrough in the Axial Age is questionable.Therefore,we should make an intensive and comprehensive study,if we tend to analyze the concept of ‘mutual compliance between nature and human’ in early periods of ancient China.ZHANG Dainian pointed out that the concept has two aspects of meanings:the connection and the similarity.Reviewing the recently unearthed texts on bamboo slips,wooden slips,and silk manuscripts as well as existent literature,we find that ZHANG's viewpoint also needs supplementation.The connection between nature and human and their similarity are both based on the interaction between nature and human.Combining the cosmology theory and human affairs,Confucians widely accepted the concept that the fortune and misfortune omens are caused by the interaction.One trend in understanding this concept is that wise men can assist nature to operate properly,as mentioned in Zhong Yong(The Doctrine of the Mean)by ZI si,the other is that the human ethics is regarded as the law of nature,both of which have earlier ideology sources and different methods of cultivation.The philosophers of various schools from pre-Qin Period to the early Han Dynasty discussed the mutual compliance between nature and human.The word ‘he’(comply)was understood in different ways,such as the nature complying with the wise men and noblemen,or the human ethics complying with law of nature,or to say,nature never complying with human,even not with the wise men.XUN Zi advocated the difference between the human ethics and law of nature,but agreed that nature complies with human.

Key words: the mutual compliance between nature and human, the connection between nature and human, the similarity between nature and human, philosophers of various schools from pre-Qin Period to the early Han Dynasty, YU Yingshi