Abstract: After entering the digital age,digital labor has become a typical form in the modern era.On the basis of criticism on the “alienated labor”,Karl Marx expounded the antagonistic relationship between capital and labor,and made a foresight on the development of the machine system,which laid the foundation for examining the human labor in the digital age in the critical perspective of political economics.The study on the history of concepts of “audience labor” and “immaterial labor” has led to the debate on whether there is “materiality” in digital labor and whether there is alienation and exploitation in it.Marxist theory clarifies the leading position of the material labor from the stance of historical materialism,and digital workers are still subject to alienation and exploitation in the critical context of Marxist political economics.In confronting the unfair situation,it requires application of the capital logic in reality,the regulation on the ownership in data sharing and the people-centered institution,so as to reconstruct the principle of labor justice in the digital age.

Key words: digital labor, alienation, materiality, capital, labor justice