Abstract: When the aim of eliminating absolute poverty and building a moderately prosperous society is achieved in 2020,China will enter the post-targeted-poverty-alleviation era characterized by reducing relative poverty and spiritual poverty.The resilience and mobility of poverty will lead to the transformation of poverty with six characteristics:from being absolute to relative,from one-dimensional to multidimensional,from surviving to developmental,from income-based to expenditure-based,from primary to secondary,and from rural to urban.The new characteristics,dynamic nature and the multi-source causes of poverty will determine its complexity on a long-term basis,which increases the difficulty and generates new demands in the poverty governance.Therefore,poverty governance should focus on the “relative poverty” and “spiritual poverty”,and take the conceptual changing of people in poverty as priority.It is preliminary to overcome governance in fragmentation,reshape by holistic governance,break down the dual structure of urban and rural areas and implement urban-rural integration governance.It is urgent to abandon campaign-style formalism and establish an institutional governance system.Driven by the two wheels of formal and informal system,multidimensional dynamic identification criteria should be established to fit with international standards,by enacting a law on “poor governance”,establishing the value of reducing poverty.Experience from “social enterprise” model will be helpful in releasing the potential of the social enterprise in poor governance and exploring the positive energy of the poor,by removing the thought of “being accustomed to poverty”,expanding the supporting coverage of the relatively poor,making up for individual failure,eliminating intergenerational poverty in order to realize the optimal governance of relative poverty and spiritual poverty.

Key words: the post-targeted-poverty-alleviation era, poverty transformation, institutional arrangement, path choice