Abstract: In the crucial stage of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-around way,it is of great significance to pay attention to the subjective well-being of rural adolescents and analyze the relevant factors and mechanisms to improve their subjective well-being.In this research,1274 participants of the 7th and 8th grade were recruited from four middle schools in rural areas in Guizhou Province,China.By using two-wave longitudinal data with an interval of 6 months,the current study examined the cumulative impact of protective factors and risk factors on rural adolescents' subjective well-being.The results of the study are listed as follows.First,half of rural adolescents have low levels of protective factors and are at moderate degree of risk factors.Second,protective factors and risk factors both have significant cumulative effects on the indexes of the current subjective well-being of the rural adolescents.It is noteworthy that the effect of the cumulative protective factors is displayed in a nonlinear pattern,while the risk factors in a linear pattern.Third,protective factors and risk factors have significant cumulative effects on the indexes of the subjective well-being of the rural adolescents after the 6-month period and both are displayed in a linear pattern.The above results suggest that the cumulative effect of multiple factors should be emphasized in the intervention to improve the subjective well-being of rural adolescents,which requires the attention to and alleviation of the multiple stress risks faced by individuals,as well as that to constructing resources for active development in multiple fields.In addition,the results also show that constructing protective resources has a more rapid effect on improving the current well-being than reducing the risk of stress,indicating that the key to effective improvement of the rural adolescents' well-being is to construct a positive resource support system in a timely manner.

Key words: protective factors, risk factors, subjective well-being, cumulative effects, rural adolescents