Abstract: From Hegel to Jacques Derrida,Western academic circles have formed a prejudice that Chinese have no reason and philosophy on the characteristics of the deep structure of Chinese cultures.Senior Chinese scholars have found some similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures on the level of substance,systems and thoughts,but neglected the function of reason.There are different contents and categories of reason,which form different structures.Although the explosion of reason was the common characteristic between Chinese and Western civilizations in the Axial Age,their structures of reason were different from each other.Logic reason,natural reason,practical reason/moral reason and aesthetic reason were included in the system of reason in ancient Western civilization,which is characterized by leading role of pure reason and logic reason,but lack of historical reason.Historical reason,natural reason and moral reason were included in the structure of Chinese civilization,which is characterized by the dominant role of historical reason,and lack of logic reason,although it had logic thought.Logic reason dominated the thinking of Western civilization,while historical reason led the thinking of Chinese civilization.The difference of the structure of reason between Chinese and Western civilizations were the fundamental cause to their different thinking,as well as the decisive factor that led to the difference between the two civilizations.The difference of dichotomy between Chinese and Western civilizations,which basically resulted in the different structures of reason mentioned above,was partly caused by the different characteristics of languages of the two civilizations,which were the source of the different features between Chinese and Western civilizations.

Key words: mode of thinking, the structure of reason, logic reason, historical reason, dichotomy