Abstract: The most significant part of a historian's work is to raise questions,which provide the focuses of historical research.The scholarship of a historian depends upon whether he or she keeps "question thinking" or not,and it also becomes one of the important differences between modern and traditional scholarship.In the opinion of the French Annales School,any research without "questions" cannot be included in modern academia.Then what is "question thinking"? How does it affect and promote academic writings? Where does it originate from? How can we obtain the ability of "question thinking"? And how do "questions" advance scholarship? The answers not only concern the directions of historiography,but also offer practical guidance for graduate students to choose their ways of education and academic research.

Key words: question thinking, Robin G.Collingwood, the Annales School, the interrogation of history, modern scholarship