Abstract: Adam Smith's labor-value theory takes handicraft capitalism as the background,highlighting the relationship between market subjects.David Ricardo's labor-value theory takes capitalist machine industry as the background and emphasizes the economic significance of the socialization process of exchange relationship,but he only understands the connotation of this socialization process from the economic dimension of price competition.Marx's transcendence of Smith and Ricardo's classical economics has experienced the development process from humanism to historical materialism.From the perspective of the internal contradiction of socio-economic form,he not only broke the simple economic thinking of classical economics,but also surpassed the humanist criticism of fetishism,promoting the capitalist critical theory to a new academic level.Thus,there is an essential difference in philosophical methodology between Marx's historical materialism and social materialism,and the former understands economic facts from the perspective of historical social form.

Key words: Marx, classical economics, transcendence, philosophy