Abstract: During more than one hundred years of the Northern Song Dynasty,the court gradually realized in its governance practice that ponds and reservoirs have multiple functions such as irrigation,ecology,transportation,and flood control.In the early Northern Song Dynasty,land reclamation was encouraged,but historical sites,and ponds and reservoirs were transformed into farmland,resulting in waterlogging of the fields.In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty,the court began to encourage the construction of ponds and reservoirs,but the implementation effect was not ideal.During the Xining period,the construction of ponds and reservoirs reached a peak,with ponds and reservoirs built along the banks of the Bian River to irrigate rice fields.During the Yuanfeng period,the project of diverting the Luo River into Bian was implemented,injecting the ancient Suo River water into the ponds and reservoirs to supplement the Bian River and ensure smooth transportation.In the late Northern Song Dynasty,due to the impact of political turmoil,water conservancy projects such as ponds and reservoirs were in high demand and abandoned at times.The environs shared weal and woe with the capital in terms of ecological environment,social economy and other aspects,and were also the first to benefit from imperial policies.The management of ponds and reservoirs in the capital region in the Northern Song Dynasty reflects a strong national-led color.

Key words: Northern Song Dynasty, environs of the capital city, ponds and reservoirs, ecology