Abstract: Based on an accurate comprehension of Daxue(The Great Learning) and Zhongyong(The Doctrine of the Mean),it is implied that an accurate comprehension of the moral and philosophical sentiment in Confucian philosophy of mind plays a fundamental role in realizing the modern transformation of traditional ethics in a creative way.The primary issue is whether Confucianism has the basic elements of philosophy of mind,and how Confucianists use these elements to develop their logic of thought.If the moral and philosophical sentiment of Confucian based on its philosophy of mind is regarded as the virtue people actually possess,and the normative system,according to which people practice in reality,then the internal logical relationship between should-nature and reality-nature will be constructed,and people will deal with all kinds of practical relations in the light of the mode of thinking and action of subject virtue.In fact,the Chinese moral structure is the situational ethics or virtue ethics.From the perspective of typology,Confucian philosophy of mind belongs to the theory of virtue,but it is enormously different from Aristotle's and Kant's theories of virtue,and the source of the difference must be sought from the context or field domain.It is not clear how many elements of moral sentiment in Confucian philosophy of mind can be possessed by people of present times,nor how to possess.In realizing the modern transformation of traditional ethics,a total rejection or overall acceptance is undesirable attitudes and methods.“Excess” and “insufficiency” are the attitudes to be abandoned,and “moderation” is the principle for people to adhere to.

Key words: Confucian ethics, philosophy of mind, external reasoning, internal embedment, subject morality, modern society