Abstract: In this paper,the relationships between farm size and agricultural productivity of family farms and smallholders have been analyzed comparatively by using the data of the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) in 2020.The findings show that there exists an inverse relationship between land productivity and farm size in grain production for smallholders,but this inverse relationship is statistically insignificant for family farms.The findings also show that there does not exist a positive relationship between labor productivity and sown area in grain production for smallholders,but this positive relationship is statistically significant for family farms.Furthermore,the vast majority of the smallholders have been in the stage of increasing scale returns and cost-profit ratio and have not reached or approached the stage of constant scale returns and cost-profit ratio,whereas much more family farms have reached or approached the constant stage.In sum,family farms obviously enjoy comparative advantages of agricultural productivity over smallholders.Therefore,advancing the development of family farms is the better choice for China to stabilize and expand the grain supply,increase farmers' income and improve the business performance of agriculture.

Key words: family farms, smallholders, productivity