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北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 64-71.

• 发展心理学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

言语数词习得的认知基础

牟毅   

  1. 中山大学 心理学系,广州 510006
  • 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-07-17
  • 作者简介:牟毅,中山大学心理学系副教授。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“儿童早期数词学习的认知及大脑神经机制”(32171070)。

The Cognitive Foundation of the Acquisition of Symbolic Numbers

MOU Yi   

  1. Department of Psychology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China
  • Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-07-17

摘要: 儿童从学前期开始学习言语数词(如理解数词的数量含义),但其认知基础为何尚有很大争议。现有研究聚焦检查儿童的数词概念是否建立于自婴儿期就具有的非言语数能力基础上。考虑到非言语数能力受到至少两个不同的数认知系统的支持(近似数量系统和物体追踪系统),研究者检查数词概念习得是否依赖于这些数认知系统,并发展出四种假设:近似数量系统假设,物体追踪系统假设,双系统假设和独立假设。这些假设均有其合理性和局限性,检验四种假设的关键是同时纳入两个非言语数认知系统并对比它们对数词习得的贡献。在这个检验思路中,未来研究需提供追踪和干预训练数据检查两个非言语数认知系统和数词习得的关系,且将之在行为和大脑认知神经层面交叉印证;此外,对这些关系的检查还需注意区分儿童数词学习的不同阶段,并考虑其他一般性认知能力的影响。

关键词: 言语数词, 基数性, 继位性, 近似数量系统, 物体追踪系统

Abstract: The acquisition of symbolic numbers is a milestone in the development of children's numerical cognition,as it marks the transition from the stage where children only possess primary,non-verbal numerical abilities to the stage where they can comprehend culturally-acquired symbolic number systems through conceptual learning.Children typically start to learn symbolic numbers (including the cardinality and the successor function of symbolic numbers) since 3 or 4 years of age.Although the developmental trajectory of learning about symbolic numbers has been depicted,it remains unclear how the learning occurs.In particular,it has been highly debated about the cognitive foundation for the conceptual acquisition of symbolic numbers.Researchers now have focused on examining whether children's learning of symbolic numbers is built on primary non-verbal numerical abilities that are presented since early infancy.As non-verbal numerical abilities are supported by at least two distinct cognitive systems,including the Approximate Number System (ANS) and the Object Tracking System (OTS),researchers have investigated if the acquisition of symbolic numbers relies on these systems.Specifically,there have been four different hypotheses on the cognitive foundation for learning symbolic numbers.The ANS hypothesis suggests that ANS is the cognitive foundation,while the OTS hypothesis proposes that OTS is responsible.The Dual-system hypothesis suggests that both ANS and OTS are required for the acquisition of symbolic numbers.On the other hand,the independence hypothesis suggests that neither of the two systems is the cognitive foundation.Both positive evidence and challenges for each of these hypotheses were discussed in the present review.It should be noticed that the empirical findings from previous studies cannot strictly test the four hypotheses due to limitations in experimental design.Some experimental designs were suggested to test these hypotheses and further reveal the cognitive foundation for children's acquisition of symbolic numbers.

Key words: symbolic numbers, cardinality, successor function, the Approximate Number System, the Object Tracking System

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