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北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4): 120-130.

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

传统中国“象”思维演进的三阶段及《书》象的呈现方式

赵培   

  1. 中国社会科学院 文学研究所,北京 100732
  • 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
  • 作者简介:赵培,文学博士,中国社会科学院文学研究所副研究员。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项“孔传本《古文尚书》成立与流传形态研究”(23VJXG007)。

Three Stages in the Evolution of Traditional Chinese “Xiang” Thought and the Presentation of “Xiang” Thought in Shangshu

ZHAO Pei   

  1. Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China
  • Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-09-03

摘要: 在古代中国的一系列标识性概念之中,象最具代表性。古代象思维的发展可划分成三个阶段:纯象阶段、象辞结合阶段和纯辞(言象、例象)阶段。自然垂示(天垂象、天事必象、祥瑞灾异等)、圣人制象(龟占蓍卜、卦象等)、文辞例象因象关联起来,组合出了一套早期中国以象为核心的思想体系。早期象理论以显道、明道、用道为目标,以系统性文字出现、天子失官等为分化节点,以三阶段为呈现形态,构建了传统中国独特的宇宙论模型。在此三阶段说的基础上讨论《书》象的呈现方式,能够深入开掘并立体呈现《书》象的内蕴与层次。

关键词: 象思维, 《书》象, 象论, 《春秋》化, 例象, 六艺之象

Abstract: Among a series of concepts of identification in ancient China,the concept of “Xiang” is the most representative. The development of the ancient thinking of the “Xiang” concept can be divided into three stages:the stage of pure “Xiang”,the stage of the combination of “Xiang” and rhetoric,and the stage of pure rhetoric. Natural revelations,the gadgets of “Xiang” made by the saints,and a sequence of written characters of “Xiang”,these three entities had become interconnected under the auspices of “Xiang”. The aforementioned three entities have coalesced to establish a unified intellectual framework centered on “Xiang”. With the goal of revealing,clarifying and utilizing the Dao,the early theory of “Xiang” took the emergence of systematic writing and the collapse of the Zhou dynasty's bureaucratic system as points of differentiation,and constructed a unique cosmological model of traditional China with the three-stage presentation form. Discussing the presentation of the “Xiang” thought in Shangshu (the Book of History) based on this three-stage theory enables us to deeply explore and three-dimensionally present the contents and levels of “Xiang” thought in Shangshu.

Key words: the “Xiang” thought, the “Xiang” thought in Shangshu, the theoretical framework for “Xiang”, the principles in the Spring and Autumn Annals, rhetoric “Xiang”, presentation of “Xiang” thought in the six classic Confucian works

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