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北京师范大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4): 67-75.

• 教育改革与发展研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

普惠托育服务精准供给的优化路径:基于家庭需求的差别化识别

洪秀敏, 勾嘉雯, 赵思婕   

  1. 北京师范大学 教育学部,北京 100875
  • 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
  • 作者简介:洪秀敏,教育学博士,北京师范大学教育学部教授。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度优先关注课题“幼儿园发展托幼一体化服务研究”(BAEA22005)。

The Optimization of Pathways to the Precise Supply of Universal Childcare Services: Based on the Differentiated Identification of Family Demands

HONG Xiumin, GOU Jiawen, ZHAO Sijie   

  1. Faculty of Education, BNU, Beijing 100875, China
  • Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-09-03

摘要: 优化普惠托育服务精准供给是缓解供需结构性矛盾、降低家庭生育养育教育负担的重要举措。依据供需适配理论,从需求的精准识别出发,确定了相关性、相适性、质量性、可及性四个维度下17个普惠托育服务需求要素;基于Kano模型分析三岁以下婴幼儿家庭对普惠托育服务的差别化需求,揭示犹豫送托、计划送托、实际送托三类家庭的需求差异,并依据需求识别结果确定普惠托育服务要素的供给优先序。研究发现,家庭普遍重视普惠托位的数量、全面性的服务质量、便利性的服务距离与合理化的服务价格;不同类型家庭对普惠托育服务要素的需求迫切程度存在差异:犹豫送托家庭强调托位规模与服务价格,计划送托家庭关注托幼一体服务,实际送托家庭注重服务质量与师资。普惠托育服务应从精准识别需求、精准统筹结构、精准提升质量、精准递送服务这四个方面实现精准供给。

关键词: 普惠托育服务, 精准供给, 需求识别, Kano模型

Abstract: Optimizing the precise supply of universal childcare services is a significant measure to alleviate structural supply-demand contradictions and reduce the burdens of childbirth,child-rearing,and education on families. According to the Theory of Supply and Demand Adaptability,starting from the precise identification of demand,17 demand elements of universal childcare services are determined in 4 dimensions,namely,relevance,adaptability,quality,and accessibility. Based on the Kano model,the differential demands of parents of children under 3 years of age for universal childcare services have been analyzed,and the demand differences among families hesitant to use childcare services,families planning to use childcare services,and families currently using services,have been revealed. The supply priority order of universal childcare service elements has been determined according to the demand identification results. The results reveal that parents generally attach importance to the quantity of universal childcare places,comprehensive service quality,convenient service distance and reasonable service price. There are differences in the urgency of demands for various universal childcare service elements among different types of families:Hesitant families emphasize the scale of childcare places and service prices,planning families focus on integrating childcare with kindergarten,and families currently using services emphasize service quality and teachers. Universal childcare services should achieve precise supply from four aspects:precise identification of demands,precise coordination of structure,precise enhancement of service quality,and precise accessibility of service delivery.

Key words: universal childcare services, precise supply, demand identification, the Kano model

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