儿童发展的不同环境敏感性:理论与实证

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 遗传等个体因素和家庭等环境因素如何交互影响儿童发展,一直是发展心理学关注的核心问题。关于个体与环境因素交互影响儿童发展,目前研究者们提出了许多理论模型并得到实证研究的支持,其中主要包括素质—压力模型、差别易感性模型、优势敏感性模型、情境生物敏感性模型、感觉加工敏感性模型和环境敏感性模型。这些儿童发展的个体-环境交互作用模型尽管使用了不同的概念来解释环境因素如何与个体因素交互影响儿童发展,但都提出不同儿童的环境敏感性不同,有的儿童环境敏感性高,有的儿童环境敏感性低。儿童环境敏感性不同,受到的环境影响大小就不同,加之儿童成长中面对的环境因素千差万别,从而使得儿童形成多样性的发展结果。

关键词: 儿童发展, 个体-环境交互作用, 环境敏感性

Abstract: How individual factors such as heredity interact with environmental factors to influence child development is always the core issue of developmental psychology.Researchers have put forward numerous theoretical models about it supported by empirical research,mainly including Diathesis-Stress,Differential Susceptibility,Vantage Sensitivity,Biological Sensitivity to Context,Sensory Processing Sensitivity,and Environmental Sensitivity Model.Although different concepts are employed in different models to illustrate how environmental factors interact with individual factors to impact child development,all of these theoretical models posit that children are different in environmental sensitivity.Some children are highly sensitive and others are low sensitive to environmental influence.Due to children's different environmental sensitivity,they are influenced by environments differentially.Furthermore,children with different environmental sensitivity in the interaction with highly differentiated environments could lead to various development outcomes.

Key words: child development, individual-environment interaction, environmental sensitivity

中图分类号:

B844

王振宏, 王笑笑, 李彩娜. 儿童发展的不同环境敏感性:理论与实证[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 0(4): 36-47.

WANG Zhenhong, WANG Xiaoxiao, LI Caina. Different Environmental Sensitivity of Children:Developmental theory and empirical evidence[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2020, 0(4): 36-47.

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