Abstract: The self-consciousness of modern Chinese nation is a historical concept,which needs to be investigated under the background of modern historical development. In the 20 years after the May Fourth Movement,the self-consciousness of the Chinese nation gradually deepened:the national revolution led by the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China put forward the goal of “great liberation of the Chinese nation”; facing the national disaster after the September 18th Incident,the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China cooperated for the second time to establish the Chinese United Front against Japanese Aggression,which revealed the firm national community belief that “the Chinese nation is a whole”,which is its most important symbol. The evolution of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China has played a key role in restricting the development of the current situation. However,at the same time,the self-consciousness of the modern Chinese national community also has profoundly restricted the development of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. In other words,the pursuit of liberation of the Chinese nation is a consciousness effort of the Chinese nation,the national righteous cause and the maximal popular will. Therefore,those who comply with it will prosper,while those who resist it will perish. From that it is observed that it is an inevitable historical tendency that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China could cooperate twice and that the civil war resumed after the victory ofChina's Resistance War Against Japan and that the Kuomintang ended in failure .

Key words: the self-consciousness of the Chinese nation, the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, the National Revolution, the Chinese nation is a whole, liberation of the Chinese nation, the Chinese United Front against Japanese Aggression