Educational equity is the social ideal of the Communist Party of China. Over the past century, with the development of society and education itself, the Communist Party of China's thought of educational equity is constantly innovating and improving. Its connotation in different historical periods is increasingly rich, and gradually a systematic ideological system of education equity comes into being. “Improving the educational system and popularizing education” is the action target of the Communist Party of China to change the destiny of the country and nation during the period of democratic revolution| “Ensuring that citizens have the right to be educated” is the solid basis for the Communist Party of China to practice the thought of educational equity after the establishment of the People's Republic of China| “Adhering to the principle of fairness and justice in socialist education” is the ideological basis of the Communist Party of China to undertake the education reform in the new period| “Striving to make people enjoy better and fairer education” is the fundamental principle for the Communist Party of China to carry out education construction in the new era.

MAO Zedong's thoughts developed greatly from 1918 to 1921. Before 1918, MAO Zedong did not understand Marxism. After May 4^th Movement, His thoughts changed. He not only advocated “the great union of the people” but also publicized “the anti-feudal democratic revolutionary thought”. MAO Zedong opposed bloody revolution at first, and then changed this idea to support “fierce communism”. From the summer to December in 1920, MAO Zedong gradually became a firm Marxist. He was engaged in establishing the Communist Party of China, believing that China definitely needed a new type of Party to lead the anti-imperialist and anti-feudalist revolution. The First National Convention of the Communist Party of China absorbed anti-imperialist ideas, including his thoughts, and formulated the anti-imperialist revolutionary program. All in all, MAO Zedong knew and accepted Marxism step by step, and recognized the necessity for China to take the October Revolution Road. The establishment of the Communist Party of China was the inevitable result of the ideological change of intellectuals represented by MAO Zedong. The pioneers of Chinese working class “studied Marxism-Leninism and founded the Communist Party of China”.

The historical achievements made by the Communist Party of China in the past century are marked by not only the success in revolution, nation-building, and reform, but also the rich and distinctive political culture within the party. The CPC's governing experience in northern Shaanxi shaped the internal political culture during the Yan'an period in terms of political ideas, beliefs, attitudes, and values. The internal political culture during the Yan'an period possesses functions in distinct political acculturation, powerful political mobilization, as well as positive image building. Therefore, the effective exertion of the political culture functions of the Communist Party of China during the Yan'an period would lead the value pursuit, shape the positive image, affect the political practice, and change the spiritual outlook of the members of the Communist Party of China.

The basic realization of modernization in the western region in 2035 is the core goal of promoting the development of the western region and forming a new pattern in the new era. To promote the modernization level of western cities is the strategic choice to motivate the east and west to advance together. From 2011 to 2018, the modernization level of western cities was generally fluctuating upward by 38%, and the Gini coefficient decreased from 0.253 to 0.2255. Besides, the gap between cities tended to narrow. In 2018, the contribution of intra-regional variation, inter-regional variation and hypervariable density to the overall variation in modernization of western cities was 50%, 15.71% and 34.29% respectively. The distribution curve of urban modernization in western China had obvious right tailing characteristics, presenting a strong upward trend. In the new era, western cities should realize high quality development through modernization construction, which focuses on cultivating innovative development momentum, pushing forward people's all-round development, perfecting modern industrial system and high standard market system, cultivating modern governance system, and developing modern ecological system as well as infrastructure system.

To solve problems of disordered expansion, unbalanced expansion, and inadequate expansion, it is imperative to clarify driving factors of urban construction land expansion. Distinct from previous studies that were lack of theoretical framework and attention to the heterogeneity between cities, this paper takes 35 large and medium-sized cities as research samples, and empirically analyzes differences of the driving mechanism of land expansion in diverse cities. The results show that: first, the income level of residents, the number of urban population and traffic conditions are three important factors affecting the expansion of urban construction land| second, the level of agricultural land rent and the system of land finance with Chinese characteristics have a minor effect on the expansion of urban construction land| third, the driving factors of construction land expansion in various types of cities are significantly different. According to the urban development goals, local governments should focus on enhancing residents' income, attracting talents, and improving traffic facilities in the light of specific conditions, so as to realize scientific and rational urban construction.

From the history of social division of labor, this paper analyzes the logical thread as for the deepening division of labor and career evolution, as well as the mechanism of new occupations promoting professional development and economic growth in the era of digital economy. It is shown that new occupations are the inevitable product of the deepening social division of labor. Throughout the history in human society, there are six great divisions. Under the background of each one, a variety of new careers emerged. The alternation of new and old careers witnessed the social development and also met people's pursuit of a better life. As the product of social division of labor, new occupations could promote the professional specialization from multiple dimensions, such as digital technology, products, talents and enterprises, and also initiate the cycle of “deepening division of labor→ new occupations→ professional development→ productivity improvement→ market expansion→ deepening division of labor”, playing the role of “perpetual motion machine”. In the time of digital economy, new occupations issued in China not only have vastly released the vitality of traditional industries, but also driven the vigorous development of emerging digital industries, which have become the new driving force and growth point of China's economic speed increase and quality improvement.

Human capital of working-age population is pivotal to sustain economic growth. In the critical period of China's economic transformation and upgrading, the realization of high-quality economic development endows human capital with new connotations. The advancement of human capital of working-age population should be realized through two aspects, that is, educational human capital and skilled human capital. According to data calculation and analysis,at present, the level as well as structure of educational human capital of China's working-age population have constantly improved. Besides, the stock of educational human capital has increased, with the urban population acting as the main driving force. At the same time, when it comes to the skilled human capital, the Internet-skilled and job-related skilled human capital of working-age population have risen significantly, but the possibilities of enhancing human capital through skills training vary among various industries. Therefore, for the sake of boosting the human capital of working-age population, it is necessary to continue increasing investment in education, give full play to the role of the government in skills training, facilitate inclusive sharing of basic public services in urban and rural areas, and coordinate the promotion of the revitalization of rural education and the rural revitalization through education, so as to accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode and propel high-quality development of economy.

Science education in the stage of compulsory education is closely related to the construction of an innovative country. At the time of speeding up the construction of an innovative country and promoting high-quality economic development, the real situation of science education in compulsory education is as follows: class hours are basically guaranteed but far from enough and superb| teachers' academic level is improved but their professional quality is lacking| experimental teaching has gained remarkable accomplishments but with low degree of implementation| experiment teaching resources are generally allocated but with low utilization rate. In the new era, the in-depth development of science education in compulsory education is faced with four key problems: the value of discipline education is hard to achieve, the implementation of policy objectives is deviated, the supply and allocation of high-quality teachers are difficult, and the condition guarantee as well as internal driving force of the implementation of experimental teaching are insufficient. According to the strategic plan of the Party Central Committee to enhance the quality of compulsory education in an all-round way, for the sake of realizing the goal of cultivating comprehensively students' innovative spirit and practical capacity, it is urgent to promote the deep-seated reform of science education in the compulsory education stage. We should take the design of discipline education system as the basic guarantee, improvement in the implementation level of policy objectives as the fundamental rule, optimization of the supply and allocation of high-quality teacher resources as the priority, and amelioration of experiment teaching as the pivotal link.

Against the backdrop of well-off times, hypocritical education is shaped by educational theories, public opinions, and school administrations. Characterized by student-centered stance, the pursuit of supreme happiness, the aim of personality liberation, and the means of education as services, hypocritical education deviates from fostering virtue through education. Although hypocritical education can easily create the scene of “modern education” where students are happy, parents are satisfied, and society are supportive, it actually distorts the essence of fostering virtue through education, and even cannot guide students in value and socialization anymore. To be specific, it causes teachers to be servers, who play with skills and cater to students, and pushes students to grow up as delicate egoists or fragile “giant babies”, who lack ideals and the sense of responsibility due to the one-sided emphasis on personality and happiness. To transcend the hypocritical education, restoring the educational essence and strength of fostering virtue through education is necessary. We should insist on replacing the student-centeredness with the student development-centeredness, and at the same time, the cooperation of various aspects of society is needed in improving the relevant legal system, so as to cultivate the immunity of the school and protect the self-esteem of teachers. All these endeavors would promote education modernization, stimulate schools' vitality and train socialist builders and successors with all-round ability in areas such as morals, intelligence, physical fitness, work and aesthetics who have the courage to undertake responsibilities along with the ability to act in the future world.

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the new goal of building a high-quality education system and a powerful country in education. To promote the improvement of higher education quality, it is necessary to draw on social resources more extensively. As a special kind of social organization, university education foundations are important links between universities and society, which plays a significant role to the construction and development of first-class universities. Giving impetus to the enhancement of the organizational structure and modernization of the governance capacity of university foundations is in line with requirements of the times for the construction of first-class universities. At present, a series of problems such as unbalanced and insufficient development as well as imperfect governance system of university foundations have become constraints to the construction of first-class universities in the new era. To comprehensively improve the governance level and capacity of university foundations, it is necessary to raise the construction of university education foundations to an institutionalized level and carry out top-level construction, so that university education foundations can provide strong support for first-class universities and first-class disciplines in the process of standardized development.

In modern researches of old Chinese phonology, the exploration and reconstruction of ancient Chinese vowels and medials are mainly based on materials for medieval times, including phonetics, dialects, foreign transliteration and Fanqie, and then trace back to the earlier time. The Book of Songs has been only used to study rhyme categories (Yunbu) of old Chinese, other than vowels and medials. However, rhymes in The Book of Songs, which pursue the harmony of vowels and medials, can also reflect the nature of them. This paper builds a database to analyze rhymes of The Book of Songs. There are altogether 4540 must-rhymed sentences in 1695 rhymed sections. The rhymed characters can be divided into seven groups according to Four Division (classification of finals in Chinese phonology). By comparing similarities and differences between groups reflected by the co-occurrence frequency of them in the same rhymed sections, we can know the distribution of main vowels, the classification of medials and their relations of old Chinese rhyme categories.

Origin of Chinese Characters written by Xu Shen is not only the originator of Chinese character studies, but also the model of Chinese character teaching and small seal script calligraphy. It has a very extensive and far-reaching influence on later generations since its publication. Because of its importance, numerous editions have been spread. As for the Daxu version of Origin of Chinese Characters, E Le-bu version, SUN Xingyan version, CHEN Changzhi version, Guang Xu version are the four most popular ones since the Qing Dynasty. Given that the original is lost and there are many differences among the existing versions whose corrections and qualities vary a lot, it is of great practical significance for academic research and application to collate, discriminate and analyze glyphs from the perspective of philology. This paper, based on the modern information technology and “Chinese character database”, makes exhaustive collation and textual analysis of the four versions above, and points out that there are mainly two types of difference: wrong glyphs and diverse forms of a character. Reasons for these differences include political avoidance, copying and imprinting, and the deviation of personal understanding of small seal script and so on. This research is an effective attempt to study traditional subjects through the digital system, which has accumulated experience and laid a foundation for the collation and research of whole Chinese characters based on the “Chinese character database”.

The class concept is an essential category in general logic. Based on its emergence and development, we can observe the change of Chinese language and characters, and find the interaction between national characteristics embodied in logical thinking and the pattern of language development. There are three stages as to the development of the class concept in ancient China, namely, “yi lei ming wei xiang”, “cha lei ming gu” and “ci yi lei xing”. Both stage of “yi lei ming wei xiang” and the “tong yuan zi sheng” in Chinese vocabulary system reflect the understanding and selection of external characteristics of substance. Similar external characteristics lead to identical or similar phonetic forms in language. In “cha lei ming gu” stage, classification begins to matter in the understanding of things under the relevance of external characteristics, which emerges in Chinese vocabulary system through the generalization of pictographic symbols and morphemes. In the “ci yi lei xing” stage, with the understanding of induction, deduction and analogy of classification, Chinese language and characters tend to generalize pictographic symbols in constructing new characters and to generalize morphemes in compounding new words.

The active governance of government and participation of the public are two aspects of anti-corruption, both of which are indispensable. However, when the public participates in fighting against currently,there are still some disadvantages of fragmentation in the way of participation, and this deficiency is closely related to the public's high tolerance of corruption, relatively weak legal protection, and lower ability of personal participation. Those do not make for the construction of the anti-corruption system in China, and affects the anti-corruption going deeply and broadly in some extent. In order to realize the practical needs, it is necessary for setting up an institutional and systematical anti-corruption regime, creating an idea of zero tolerance, establishing special non-governmental anti-corruption organizations, raising the awareness of anti-corruption and ability of fighting against corruption. All the above are feasible measures to better encourage the public to participate in the field of anti-corruption. Meanwhile, the concept that derogates officials' privacy rights should be adhered which is the better way to reconcile the conflict between the public who participates in anti-corruption and “protection of officials' privacy rights”, and it is also a fundamental way to eliminate the fragmentation of the public participating in anti-corruption.

Since the United Nations is a non-contracting party of the Geneva Convention, it’s quite controversy that whether or not the Law of Armed Conflict is applicable to the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO).Beginning from differentiating and comparing the Law of War, the law of Armed Conflict and the International Humanitarian Law, the article argues that the UN is a subject of international law and qualified to sign international conventions| the UN has the qualification to join in the Hague Law System and the Geneva Law System| the UNPKO forces are engagement parties in armed conflicts and applicable to the Geneva Conventions. The article concludes that the Law of Armed Conflict is applicable to the UNPKO. The article also suggests that as a major UNPKO participant and contributor, China should support the application of the Law of Armed Conflict to the UNPKO.