The “double reduction” policy aims to further reduce the excessive homework burden and after-school training burden of primary and secondary school students.Meanwhile,the introduction of “double reduction” has brought new opportunities to teacher professional development,helping enrich teachers' professional knowledge,and enhancing their professional ability as well as their professional beliefs.However,the “double reduction” policy has also brought new problems to the professional development of teachers.Teachers' professional ideals and beliefs need to be strengthened,the mechanisms of teacher incentive and management need to be improved,and the laws of teacher professional development need to be explored.As for the aspect of teachers' psychology,we should stimulate teachers' intrinsic motivation and improve the autonomy of their professional development.As to the aspect of school management,the management incentive should be strengthened and the autonomy in their professional development should be given to teachers.When it comes to the aspect of education policy,its guiding role should be optimized and the institutional guarantee should be perfected for teacher professional development.As far as theoretical research is concerned,scientific research should be reinforced and the theoretical guidance of teacher professional development should be promoted.

According to the report of the 20^th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,education is the basic and strategic support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country in the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating our country through science and education.We should give priority to the development of education,speed up the construction of a powerful country in education,and do a good job in education that satisfies the people.The construction of an education power is the core goal and basic direction of our education reform and development.China always insists on prioritizing the education development and the education has entered the level of comprehensive popularization development.Our country gives a prioritized place to the construction of teachers,taking it into a comprehensive quality improvement stage.We always pay special attention to the education equity,bringing public education services into an equalization stage.We promote the reform of the system for running schools,and basically form a pattern of running schools by both public and private sectors.The Chinese education has entered the middle and upper level of world education development and people's sense of education attainment has been strengthened gradually.As a result,the construction of an education power has had a solid foundation.Evolving to the situation and the times,China's education reform has formed the basic principle of building a powerful country in China.In terms of system,we uphold the Party's overall leadership over education and serve the needs of the country and the people.In terms of direction,guided by ideological and political education,we insist on educating talented people for the Party and the country.In terms of standpoint,we adhere to the principle of taking people as the center and taking the people's demand as the driving force of education reform.In terms of value,we promote the balanced development of high-quality education and build a system of both fairness and excellence.In terms of methods,the comprehensive reform of education is taken as the starting point to construct the system of legal guarantee of education.We promote the modernization of Chinese education,build a high-quality education system,and move from a big country to a powerful country in education.We must adhere to the Party's overall leadership in education,adhere to the strategy of giving priority to the development of education,take people's satisfaction as the orientation of education,comprehensively strengthen the ideological and political education,and deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education.

The modern national identity of modern Chinese is not only the due meaning of the process of modern China's integration into the world,but also the product of the new bourgeoisie's rise to the political stage after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.From 1898 to 1911,two major political factions,the reformers and the revolutionaries,led the 1898 Reform Movement and the Revolution of 1911 successively.The former broke the ice of the dynastic state and introduced the value orientation of modern national identity into the vision of Chinese people for the first time.The latter directly overthrew the dynastic state and created the Republic of China.If we say that the establishment of the Republic of China is a milestone of modern national identity,the starting point should be traced back to the 1898 Reform Movement.The two factions have their own viewpoints and weak points.The former advocated the republican revolution,conforming to the trend of the times;However,it advocated “Anti-Manchu” and “Racial Revolution” which cannot avoid the prejudice of feudal racism,and contradicted the original intention of the nation.The latter rejected the Republicanism,and lost the qualification as trendsetter of the times.However,it opposed the “Anti-Manchu” and “Racial Revolution” and advocated that 400 million people should “form a large nation” to jointly resisted foreign aggression.In dealing with China's multi-ethnic relations,it showed a more rational spirit than the former and corresponded to the historical trend of nation-building.The contradiction and conflict between them form a historical tension.The “Union of Five Races” obviously sublated the “weak points” of both sides,and included their respective “strong points”,namely,“big nationalism” and republican revolution,which reflect the due meaning of nation-building.The establishment of the Republic of China became an important milestone for modern Chinese people to achieve their modern national identity,and it also highlighted the awakening of the consciousness of the Chinese national community in modern times.

Generally beneficial kindergartens play a major role in the construction of pre-school education public service system.The development of generally beneficial kindergartens in China has made outstanding contributions to the realization of double goals of pre-school education and to the improvement of the downsides of generally beneficial resources.At the same time,the development of generally beneficial kindergartens is still facing the following problems such as prominent structural contradiction of resources,the coexistence of “shortage” and “surplus” phenomenon,the unbalanced financial investment,the need to optimize the investment benefit of generally beneficial kindergartens,obvious differences in the system of running kindergartens and uneven distribution of the quality of generally beneficial kindergartens.To improve the quality and efficiency of generally beneficial kindergartens under the background of high-quality development,we should adhere to the principle of quality and benefit going first,promote the structural reform,efficiency reform,dynamic reform and quality reform of generally beneficial kindergartens,and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of generally beneficial kindergartens.

The mental health in China is booming under the guidance of the government.There is an urgent need for scientific and accurate assessment of the population's mental health status and for the provision of timely and effective mental health interventions and treatment services.However,traditional mental health assessment and intervention methods have limitations in its accuracy,timeliness and effectiveness.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data technology has promoted the intelligentization of mental health services.This intelligentization process can ensure the evaluation and intervention in mental health conditions from a more ecological and convenient perspective,effectively making up for the limitations of traditional methods.In this paper,problems existing in traditional methods and the solutions provided by intelligent application will be discussed for the initial screening and diagnosis of mental health as well as the intervention and treatment processes.The problems and development trend in practical application during these processes will be reviewed as well.

The Communist Party of China have led the people to respond to the questions posed by China,by the world,by the people and by the times,and have laid a practical foundation for opening up a new frontier in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.“Two Integrations”,the integrating Marxism with China's specific realities and fine traditional culture,are fundamental requirements for promoting the adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.To keep advancing theoretical innovation on the basis of practice experience,we must put the people first,and maintain self-confidence and stand on our own feet,and uphold fundamental principles and break new ground,and adopt a problem-oriented approach,and apply systems thinking,as well as maintain a global vision.

In the context of rapid social and economic reform,countries across the world attach great importance to cultivating students' labor competency in their educational practice to meet the needs of personal lifelong development and social development.The research and practice of labor competency evaluation of primary and secondary school students mainly involve three aspects,including the connotation of labor competency,evaluation indicators and evaluation methods.First,in terms of the connotation,there is an international consensus that the labor competency is the comprehensive performance of labor attitudes,values,character,knowledge and skills.Second,as for the evaluation indicators,all the countries pay universal attention to the indicators of the crucial labor ability (e.g.,labor knowledge,labor skills,innovation and creation),labor spirit and character (e.g.,devotion,diligence,and thrift),and some countries set special stress on the evaluation of labor attitudes and values (e.g.,respect for labor,beliefs in the personal value of labor,and the beliefs in the social value of labor).Third,the evaluation methods have the characteristics of combined process-oriented and summative assessment,comprehensive multiple methods,and integrative multiple evaluation subjects.The above implications for the evaluation of primary and secondary school students' labor competency include strengthening the evaluation of labor value experience and recognition to improve the labor competency,establishing a systematic evaluation tool to improve the operability of evaluation,and using value-added assessment to assess the effect of competency cultivation.

The digital economy can help achieve the “double carbon” goal by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sinks.In the final analysis,it is necessary to follow the main logic of the contradiction between productivity and production relations to promote the transformation of production methods,thus achieving the transformation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.As a new economic form,the digital economy can promote the low-carbon transformation of production methods with data production factors,promote the green transformation of lifestyles with the empowerment of digital technology,and promote the improvement of energy utilization efficiency with the digital technology revolution.It has significant green and low-carbon value.In practice,in order to better play the role of the digital economy in realizing the “double carbon” goal,it is necessary to deepen the innovative application of digital technology and promote the digital transformation of various fields of the economy and society.It is supposed to accelerate the energy conservation and emission reduction of digital infrastructure,promote the green low-carbon development of digital economy,improve the effective market mechanism,and strengthen the construction of the carbon emission rights trading market enabled by digital technology.Besides,it is essential to play the role of a promising government and consolidate the policy guarantee for the digital economy to help low-carbon development.

Since the 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China,China has made remarkable achievements in digital technology innovation,digital infrastructure construction,the development of digital industrialization,the transformation of industrial digitization,and the size of the digital economy.These achievements should be attributed to four aspects:the first is top-level design and advanced layout for the digital economy made by theParty and the State,the second is continued promotion of the innovation-driven strategy,the third is the reforms of “streamline administration and delegate power,improve regulation,and upgrade services”,the fourth is the intense competition in digital market among various regions.According to the strategic task of “accelerating the development of the digital economy” proposed by the 20th National Congress of CPC,there is still a long way to go in breaking through key digital technologies,strengthening the integration between the digital economy and the real economy,eliminating the digital gap,and exploring an inclusive and prudent regulatory system.

XI Jinping's series of important statements about the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,has profoundly answered “what kind of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is to be achieved,and how to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” which is a major epochal issue,and can be called “the theory of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” in the new era.Its core meaning includes four aspects:First,it defines the scientific connotation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,that is,to achieve national prosperity,national rejuvenation and people's happiness;Second,it points out the path to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,that is,the Chinese path must be followed,the Chinese spirit must be carried forward,and the Chinese power must be united;The third is to clarify the leadership of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,namely the CPC.The key to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation lies in the Party;Fourth,it has drawn a grand blueprint for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese people,revealed the historical inevitability of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation from the perspective of great history,and strategically deployed the vision and goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

The short-chapter texts of the Spring and Autumn history widely circulated in the Warring States society constitute the direct source of the chronicle Zuozhuan.The examples of unearthed documents prove that the “initial Zuozhuan” before the chronicle Zuozhuan can be understood as the “Shiyu” texts of the Spring and Autumn history in the form of scattered compilation.The appellation and connotation of the “Shiyu” originate from the historical context of the Warring States period and the Qin and Han society rather than the general appellation in the contemporary academic circle.When the editors of Zuozhuan chose and processed the texts of the Spring and Autumn history,in addition to “split texts ” and “integrated texts ”,there are also linked texts and modified texts,so that it is in sequence and systematic,and thus can show its own value judgment.At the same time,the completion of Zuozhuan is also a process in which the writing subject of the Spring and Autumn history is transferred from the historians to the Confucian scholars through various schools of thought.

Slavoj Žižek called his philosophy as “dialectical materialism”.In Parallax View,he proposed the theme of the revival of dialectical materialism,and in Less than Nothing and Absolute Recoil,he advanced his thinking about dialectical materialism.In Parallax View,Slavoj Žižek focused on the dialectic of parallax which is the dialectic that stresses the internal gaps,the internal minimum differences,and the internal negativity of things themselves.Using this dialectic to complement and define materialism is the premise of Slavoj Žižek's concept of dialectical materialism.In Less than Nothing,Slavoj Žižek discussed the void as nothing which is taken as the material basis of dialectical materialism,namely the material of the so-called dialectical materialism.In Absolute Recoil,Slavoj Žižek delved into the essence of dialectical materialism,that is,the thing retroactively determines itself,which is absolute recoil,and shaped the image of Hegel as a revolutionary,using it to understand the contemporary reality of society and interpret the historical development.

From the perspective of world modernization,one of the biggest changes in China's modernization development is from “modernization in China” to “Chinese path to modernization”. Chinese path to modernization has not only accelerated the development process of China,but also had a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of the world and human civilization. Chinese path to modernization has shown its unique significance and value on such important issues related to modernization:first,in the universal and special relationship of modernization,Chinese path to modernization not only follows the universal law of modernization,but also reflects the active choice and creation of the Communist Party of China;Second,in terms of the relationship between “exogenous” and “endogenous” modernization,Chinese path to modernization,through its own efforts,is no longer an exogenous modernization,but an endogenous modernization and has realized profound transformation from exogenous to endogenous; Third,in terms of the relationship between autonomy and dependence of modernization,Chinese path to modernization has neither “dependence” nor “decoupling” in its development process,which has solved the dual problem of “dependence” development and “decoupling” development;Fourth,in terms of the relationship between learning and innovation in modernization,Chinese path to modernization has successfully achieved a major leap from simple learning and imitation to self-dependent innovation,providing an important demonstration for developing countries.

The “Hume's Problem” reveals the huge gap between “is” and “ought”,leaving a difficult problem pointing to agnosticism.Starting from “practice,that is,experiment and industry”,Engels refuted Hume's agnosticism and added a link of “able” between “is” and “ought”,thus forming a new logical relationship chain which is about “is-able-ought”.This provides us with an innovative theoretical perspective which helps us to re-understand the importance of Aristotle's question of “production” and the profound meaning of Hegel's famous proposition that “everything that is realistic is rational,and everything that is rational is realistic”.This will also help us to correctly understand the link of “able” that most often causes cognitive fuzziness and confusion in reality,and correctly deal with the relationship which is about “is-able-ought”,so as to reduce all kinds of errors in judgment and action.

“Great unification” is a governing concept followed by the successive dynasties since the Qin and Han dynasties,and territorial unity has become an essential element in the concept of “great unification”.The “great unification” concept of territory in Qing Dynasty shows different characteristics from those of previous dynasties.Its core meaning is to reiterate its transcendence of the previous dynasties,and it has three important elements:the vast scale,the virtue of acquisition and the clarity of the entity.Its value function consists in the dilution of the traditional concept of “Yi Di (different races from the Hua nationality)” in the frontier,and reconstruction of the new concept of “four Yi”,so as to realize the integration of ethnic groups,and objectively deconstruct the thousand-year-old mindset of “the differentiation between Hua and Yi”.The fundamental purpose of the “great unification” in the Qin Dynasty is to serve the “orthodox” legitimacy of the Qin Dynasty.As result of this,the Qing Dynasty established the sole evaluation system that could be regarded as “orthodoxy” according to its territory,and realized the unity of “great unification” and “orthodoxy”.

Trade costs and technological innovation are the core elements affecting trade behaviors.From the perspective of the theoretical mechanism by which the digital economy affects inter-provincial trade,the digital economy relies on the Internet,artificial intelligence,big data and other information technologies to break the time and space constraints,enhance the effectiveness of information and the matching efficiency of elements,and help reduce trade costs and promote knowledge spillover to promote inter-provincial trade.The empirical test results show that:First,the development of digital economy can significantly promote inter-provincial trade outflow in the province.Second,there is a significant structural heterogeneity in the promotion effect of digital economy on inter-provincial trade.Third,the increase of inter-provincial trade outflow is mainly caused by the decrease of trade costs and knowledge spillover brought by the development of digital economy in the province,and the mechanism of reducing trade costs is more obvious.Fourth,the development of inter-provincial trade in neighboring provinces can promote the trade outflow of the province,while the development of its digital economy will have a negative spatial spillover effect on the trade outflow of the province.

During Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal,the policy of American agricultural adjustment was closely connected with the unprecedented grave agricultural depression,the failure of laissez-faire policy against farm crisis,and the push from the farming interest groups and strikes of farmers.The agricultural adjustment policy during the New Deal was conducted based on the Agricultural Adjustment Act in 1933 and its subsequent revised legislation.According to these acts and their different means of agricultural adjustment,the agricultural adjustment during the New Deal can be divided into three periods.In the first period,production control was used as main temporary emergency measures.In the second and third periods,the soil conservation evolved from a temporary means to the permanent one of agricultural adjustment in the United States.During the New Deal,the agricultural adjustment policy effectively alleviated the agricultural crisis in the United States,created a precedent for ecological subsidies,and served the role of promoting the transformation from the resource conservation movement in the progressive era to the postwar American environmental movement.

The United States Agency for International Development has further increased their efforts to provide educational assistance to Africa,showing a trend of expanding its aid scale and enriching its aid projects since the beginning of the 21st century.In order to improve the effect of educational aid to Africa,the United States Agency for International Development continuously optimizes its own operation mechanism as follows:formulating detailed strategic plans to lead the direction of educational aid;reforming aid process and organizational structure to promote implementation of projects;establishing a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism to strengthen the feedback of aid results;strengthening financial and technical support to ensure the supply of aid resources.U.S.educational aid to Africa is not just for humanitarian purposes.Its action logic is based on the national democratic system,liberal values and Christian traditions,and at the same time originates from a rational choice concerning interests of national security,economic development and international influence,and ultimately shows the pragmatic logic tendency of the balanced practice of “democracy” and “hegemony” in its strategic practice of external educational aid.

Teachers are the backbone of school bullying prevention and intervention.Helping teachers to construct appropriate roles in it is the key to the effective implementation of school bullying prevention.On the basis of combing the relevant policies and the advanced experience of intervention projects at home and abroad,according to the main points of Turner's process-role theory,this paper puts forward the roles that teachers should play in the prevention and control of school bullying,such as caregiver,learner,participant manager,intervenor and interactor.At the same time,it analyzes the obstacle factors that affect the construction of teachers' roles in the prevention and intervention of school bullying in China,including social factors such as the conflict between policy expectations and realistic expectations,the confusion and generalization of the “school bullying” concept,and the poor maneuverability of governance objectives and plans.Besides,there are individual factors such as teachers' insufficient cognition and weak motivation.On this basis,from the two levels of society and individual teachers,this paper puts forward the targeted strategies for the construction of teachers' roles in the prevention and intervention of school bullying,including clarifying the concept of school bullying,constructing an effective governance mechanism,refining the responsibilities of each participant,helping teachers form correct cognition and enhance their motivation and capability.

The number of private universities in Japan accounts for three-fourths of the total of universities in Japan,and the number of their enrolled students accounts for about 80 percent of the students in the country,occupying a large proportion of the higher education in Japan.The formation of this pattern has its historical origins before the war and has been influenced by a combination of factors in postwar Japanese society.Baptized by the tide of the times,the Japanese private duo Keio University and Waseda University represent the transformation process of traditional private schools and law schools,and their function in shaping the Japanese nation as a whole is very obvious.After the Second World War,Japan,especially since the 1960s,witnessed a period of booming private universities,with a large number of private universities being founded and absorbing a growing number of students.However,in terms of the private-university development direction,the Japanese government has made some adjustments like enforcing their connection with the local community,which emphasizes their orientation of practical learning.Nowadays,the vast majority of private universities in Japan have no longer pursued a “big and comprehensive” management philosophy,and turn to pursue a style of being “small and excellent”.As a result,this has formed a differential pattern with the national universities and public universities.The development of private colleges and universities in China can learn a lot from it.The most important experience is to make private colleges and universities and public universities build up a stable system of different orientations to promote their healthy development respectively.But at the same time,it is supposed to learn from their lesson and prevent some problems arising in the transformation period.