The first and second waves of globalization were dominated by the West. The third wave of globalization is one in which China has participated in and promoted the construction of the global economic system through reform and opening up and its economic globalization. Under the transformation of globalization,the Negri-style concept of “empire” that combines capital,technology and networks is declining,and the revival of sovereign nation-states,especially the imperialization tendency of the United States,has increased tensions in the international community. In the face of the transformation of globalization,we must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China,grasp and continue the basic tradition of building a unified multi-ethnic nation in modern China,strengthen the sense of community of the Chinese nation,promote the construction of modern civilization of the Chinese nation,continue to consolidate the political and economic foundation of a unified multi-ethnic country,and promote its identity construction.

Doctoral education represents the highest level of national education. Enhancing the quality of independent doctoral education comprehensively is crucial for fostering the construction of a powerful country in education. Faced with the strategic deployment of accelerating the construction of a powerful country in education and the leading role of higher education,there are still some prominent problems in the cultivation of doctoral students in China,including the scale structure and overall quality,management and evaluation mechanisms,tutor team construction,resource allocation optimization,and the attraction of outstanding foreign students. To build a strong educational nation,it is necessary to accelerate the high-quality development of doctoral student cultivation. We should steadily expand the scale of doctoral education and promote the quality and efficiency of doctoral education,deepen the reform of management and evaluation mechanism and stimulate the innovative vitality of the doctoral talent pool,strengthen the management of tutor responsibilities and positions and create a first-class team of doctoral tutors,enhance the coordinated configuration of high-quality resources and promote the integration of science and education,as well as the integration of industry and education,and comprehensively improve the ability to independently cultivate doctoral students and accelerate the establishment of a competitive advantage in talent resources.

Based on the intrinsic links between society,economy and education,this paper systematically examines the four historical periods in which education in the UK,particularly in England,has moved from traditional education management to modern education governance that is “flat,decentralized and of multiple checks and balances”:the period of the “nationalization” from 1940 to 1978,the period of the “marketization” from 1979 to 1996,the period of “the third way” from 1998 to 2010,and the period of the “post-financial crisis” from 2010 to the present. It can be seen that the distinctive features of British education governance are decentralization,encouragement of multiple participation,and strengthening of accountability and supervision. As a result,British education has basically achieved a comprehensive transformation of governance,which not only improves the corresponding governance system,but also effectively enhances the relevant governance capacity. The basic experience of British education governance includes:clarifying the boundaries of power,deepening the construction of the governance system,encouraging the participation of pluralistic groups,continuously improving the governance capacity,perfecting accountability and supervision,and continuously stimulating the vitality of schools.

Under the greatest changes unseen in a century,mental health problems need to be reinterpreted from a multi-dimensional system perspective. In terms of the nature of mental health problems,it is necessary to oppose “dogmatism” tendencies such as diagnosticism,reductionism,and educational omnipotence. In terms of the characteristics of mental health problems,it is a development system that unifies continuity and phases. In terms of the influencing factors of mental health problems,it is an ecosystem of interactions between human beings and the environment. As far as the mechanism of mental health problems is concerned,it is a complex system that integrates cultural trends,changes of the times and other socio-psychological factors. Therefore,mental health education should neither be “taking the matter on its merits” nor “treating the symptoms rather than getting to the root of the problem”. It should be a rule-based system engineering that involves innovative system-thinking. We should take the three dimensions of school education,health care and social construction as abscissa,take the five dimensions of individuals,interpersonal relationships,groups,society and environment as ordinate,and crisscross these coordinates and form “system governance and grid governance”.

Most of the imperial examination candidates in the early Qing Dynasty practiced both “current” prose (i.e.,eight-legged essays) and classical prose. At that time,it had become an irresistible trend to either “write the current prose as classical prose” or “write the classical prose as current prose”. The two types of prose not only rivaled in power but also enabled cross-fertilization,showing a state of entanglement. As one of the “three scholars in cloth gowns in the Jiangnan region”, Jiang Chenying was greatly influenced by his family tradition,local culture,and current trend. Throughout his life,he composed both current prose and classical prose. His current prose surpassed the compositions by contemporaneous literati,while his classical prose featured elegance and purity,thus building a strong reputation for him in the literary world. With his distinctive prose theory criticism and creation practice,Jiang Chenying stood apart from the distinction between current prose and classical prose,insisting on attaining the goal of “achieving immortality through words” and unequivocally advocated originality and personal touches in writing,which carries unique significance in both literature and intellectual history.

There are profound differences between Chinese and Western novel styles,one of which is the relationship between novel characters and real characters. The exploration of prototype characters in the study of ancient Chinese novels is a reflection of this difference in research strategies. The character prototypes in The Tale of Li Wa (a romantic novel in the Tang Dynasty) have always been controversial and can serve as examples for such research. The work reveals traces of the prototype in details,but tries to avoid mentioning the male protagonist's name or even surname in the writing,which is precisely the strategy of the work to conceal the prototype. According to Glen Dudbridge's view,its prototype should be the Zheng Fangkui brothers. Comparing the main time nodes in the text with those of the Zheng Fangkui family,they can also be mutually verified. At the same time,Yuan Zhen is also a key figure in discussing related issues,and even the strange beginning of the work and its mention of Bai Xingjian's never serving as a “censor” may probably refer to the story of Yuan Zhen. The word “grand uncle” in the ending can also refer to him. These debates extended from the prototype all point to the mutual mapping between the author,the work,and its contemporary environment.

The “edict” in the Western Zhou period is a respectful term used by the recipients towards the discourse act of “imperial ordering”. When “imperial ordering” is concretized into written documents,the “edict” is employed as a stylistic noun. Due to the involvement of lower-status individuals in compiling “edict” documents,the passive position of the recipients in the discourse power relationship is expressed. This occurs during the process of transforming ceremonial discourse into classical texts. The core text of transmitted “edict” documents consists of the original proclamations issued during the conferment and reward ceremonies. Its structural components include the narrative introductions explaining the historical context of proclamations and structural elements represented by phrases like “someone said”. The repetitive and parallel appearance of “someone said” in written imperial edict texts helps clarify and refine the speaking subject,but also hints at the variability of imperial edict texts in the transmission process. The insertion of “the king said so” to some extent reflects the transmitter's understanding of the original content hierarchy,and promotes the process of transforming proclamations into textual compositions.

The Carry the Revolution Through to the End,is a New Year's editorial by Mao Zedong issued in a special way on the eve of 1949. The article has important guiding significance for the unity of the Chinese people's thought. It crushed Kuomintang's ‘peace offensive’ with the KMT declaring “where one is able to fight,there's a peace”. Besides,British and American governments viewed the New Year's editorial as a condemnation of American interference,and the American government considered the victory of the Chinese revolution inevitable. The democrats had no doubt about the idea of carrying the revolution through to the end any longer. The newspapers in Hong Kong like Wen-Hui News and China Business Daily refuted KMT's “peace” plot and publicized the thought of carrying the revolution through to the end. The people in the liberated areas and the people's liberation army eagerly studied the New Year's editorial,and their ideological understanding had been unified in this way.

Mao Zedong regarded the cause of women in China as an important component of CPC's cause,actively exploring the issue of Chinese women's liberation through the combination of theory and practice,and made great contributions to the cause of women. He revealed that the political power,the clan power,the divine power,and the patriarchal power were the “four ropes” that bound Chinese women,and established an explanatory system for the oppression of Chinese women. He opened up a unique path of integrating women's movements into the track of social liberation and promoting women's liberation through social liberation.He made marriage freedom the foundation of women's liberation and made the former a reality. He constructed a value and institutional system for gender equality,and historically promoted the development of the cause of women in China.

The Patrol and Inspection Department (Xunjiansi) is an agency established in various places during the Song dynasty to combat smuggling,quell grassroots unrest,and maintain local security. With the prosperity of overseas trade,various types of smuggling were rampant in the coastal areas in the Southern Song Dynasty. Smugglers in large quantities were widespread,and the maritime bandits were unprecedentedly powerful. Thus,the number of patrol and inspection officers responsible for combating smuggling and bandits increased accordingly. The soldiers commanded by the coastal patrol and inspection offices were the standing patrol forces at the grassroots level. According to the anti-smuggling objects,the scale of bandit activities and the levels of difficulties involved in their governance,the coastal patrol and inspection offices would either conduct joint operations with the nearby patrol and inspection soldiers,or cooperate with the navy and other main troops as well as local civil defense forces in suppressive operations,and they played an important and fundamental role in the control of offshore perils. Revealing the layout characteristics of various coastal patrol and inspection offices in the Southern Song Dynasty,analyzing changes in their functions,and exploring the status and role of patrol and inspection offices in the control mechanism of coastal perils at that time are of great significance for deepening and promoting relevant research on local control mechanisms.

According to the chapter of “Xian's Questions” in The Analects of Confucius,Confucius advocated “rendering justice for evil”,but he didn't explicitly express an approval or disapproval attitude towards “rendering good for evil”. So far,there have been many controversies among scholars over the exact meaning of “rendering justice for evil” and over how “rendering good for evil” should be viewed correctly,and no definitive explanation has been found to date. The author,through examining various discussions about “justice” and “evil” in The Analects of Confucius,and combining with the relevant views of scholars from past generations,points out three ideas as follows:Firstly,the “justice” in “rendering justice for evil” should contain a wide range of meanings of honesty,selflessness,rectitude that conforms to the principle of general rights and changes,equivalence,and straightforwardness in accordance with courtesy. Secondly,the situations of “rendering good for evil” are rather complicated. Some of them reflect people's noble quality of forgetting their past grudges and are public-minded,while others reflect the hypocrisy,affectation,and selfish calculations in the character of people. Therefore,we cannot generalize the right and wrong of “rendering good for evil”. Lastly,“rendering justice for evil” contains not only the content that is worth affirming or advocating in “rendering good for evil”,but also covers the content of taking corresponding retaliatory measures against the object of a grudge that is not found in “rendering good for evil”,which makes it a more comprehensive and reasonable way of repaying evil.

Based on the discussion and analysis text of the management of listed enterprises from 2011 to 2020,this paper adopts the text analysis method to extract the keyword of “digital transformation”,describes the digital transformation behavior of enterprises,and empirically tests the influence of enterprise digital transformation on social responsibility and its channel mechanism. It is found that enterprises' digital transformation significantly worsens the expression of social responsibility,and presents a certain structural heterogeneity. The results of mechanism test show that the digital transformation of enterprises,on the one hand,because of its high cost,occupies the original corresponding resources of corporate social responsibility,and on the other hand,it reduces the acquisition of strategic resources and the self-interested motive of managers' social responsibility. The superposition of the above factors ultimately results in the deterioration of the expression of corporate social responsibility. Finally,this paper puts forward policy suggestions from three aspects:increasing the policy preference and financial support for enterprises' digital transformation,and encouraging enterprises to deeply integrate digital technologies in their production methods and management structures;strengthening the concept of corporate social responsibility education and support for them;taking advantage of the information supervision advantages of digital technology and enhancing the value feedback mechanism to improve the performance of corporate social responsibility.

Taking Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2021 as research objects,this paper explores the impact of digital transformation on the corporate dual agency-costs. The empirical study finds that the digital transformation has a notable inverted U-shaped impact on the corporate dual agency-costs,and that is,the digital transformation can only play a positive role in corporate governance when it reaches a certain level. It breaks through the linear cognition of the existing literature on the effect of digital transformation.Further exploratory research finds that executive monetary compensation can smooth the inverted U-shaped relationship between digital transformation and dual agency-costs and make the inflection point shift to the left,and that this adjustment effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises.However,executive equity-based incentives did not have any significant impact on the relationship between the two. This paper is beneficial to supplement the relevant research of digital transformation and corporate governance,and has important implications for promoting the construction of corporate incentive system in the digital era.

With the accelerated iteration of digital technology,forming research & development (R&D) alliances with different innovative entities has become an important strategic choice for enterprises to achieve a breakthrough in digital- technology innovation. R&D alliances can significantly enhance the level of digital technology innovation in enterprises. The larger the technological distance between alliance partners is and the smaller geographical distance between the partners is,the more significant the enhancement effect of R&D alliances will be on digital-technology innovation of enterprises. Besides,promoting knowledge flow among alliance partners is an important mechanism for R&D alliances to enhance the level of digital-technology innovation of enterprises. Lastly,the impact of R&D alliances on digital-technology innovation of enterprises varies among different types of alliances and enterprises,with industry-university-research institute alliances,enterprises with strong capacities of knowledge absorption and private enterprises demonstrating a more significant effect.