After the Opium War in 1840,followed by the continuous invasion of imperialist countries and the signing of a series of unequal treaties,China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.In order to resist their aggression,oppression and exploitation,the Chinese nation rose up in blood and fire,and gradually transformed from an ancient self-being nation into a modern self-conscious nation.The completion of this transformation formed the Chinese United Front against Japanese Aggression under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,and achieved the great victory of the Chinese People's War against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.The founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 marked the starting point of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Since the 1950s,China has carried out socialist revolution and construction,and profound changes have taken place in society.In December 1978,the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Communist Party of China Central Committee started the historical process of Reform and Opening-up and socialist modernization.The Chinese nation entered a new era of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and achieved unprecedented achievements.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,people of all ethnic groups in China have entered a new era of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation,and have comprehensively promoted the Chinese nation towards a glorious prospect of great rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

Industrialization is the foundation and premise of modernization,and promoting new industrialization is an inevitable requirement for realizing Chinese-style modernization.From the historical perspective,new industrialization initially sprouted in the conception of socialist industrialization,evolved flexuously in the process of exploring the road of China's industrialization,and continuously matured in the construction of the new industrialization path with Chinese characteristics.From the theoretical perspective,compared to the Western industrialization,China's new industrialization has achieved breakthroughs in five aspects.First,the value of China's new industrialization is people-oriented rather than capital-driven.Second,the mechanism is the collaborative innovation of technology and institutions,rather than technological innovation only.Third,the goal is to achieve coordinated development between regions and industries,rather than an unbalanced development guided by profits.Fourth,the model is parallel coordinated development rather than series single dimensional development.Fifth,the external relations are open cooperation,mutual benefit and win-win,rather than introverted self-interest and zero-sum.From the practical perspective,in order to promote the new industrialization,we need to expand the effective needs on the demand side,strengthen independent innovation growth engines on the supply side,smooth domestic circulation through “synchronization of the four modernizations”,and promote domestic and international dual circulation through high-level openness.

Chinese-style modernization,based on China's basic national conditions,is the reference,exploration and transcendence of the modernization of various countries,and the comprehensive modernization centered on human modernization.The value essence of Chinese-style modernization is the satisfaction of the needs of human modernization,the affirmation of the objectification of human essential force,and the Chinese interpretation of the value of human's free and comprehensive development.The value composition of Chinese-style modernization includes elements such as the value fact of a huge population,the value goal of common prosperity for all people,the value principle of the coordination of material civilization and spiritual civilization,the value motivation of harmonious coexistence between man and nature,and the value choice of taking the path of peaceful development.It provides exemplary value guidance for constructing socialist modernization power,developing a new picture of modernization theory,helping developing countries to explore better social systems and leading the direction of human civilization progress.

Futures studies have much to do with the human survival and development.While more and more disciplines explore the relevant issues,educational academic community should be more involved and engaged in the futures studies.The futures are complex systems and shared by all the human beings across the globe.The world is characterized by diversities and multi-facets.The community of shared futures values and respects the diversity while it mobilizes the participants in working together to develop a united happy living planet.Education plays a critical role in the community building.Futures care is a new ethos to direct the educational enterprises to shift the traditional paradigm.Given the coming of internet age,education should be shifted from the schooling to ubiquitous education.The past knowledge is still valuable,but time and space participation is more demanding and important.The danger should be paid attention to when the single dimension of development defined by the dominance of technology.Going beyond the fence of reductionism and taking the complex thinking is aligned to the complexity of education.Overall,recognizing that the structure has inevitable impacts,educationists should acknowledge that human proactive action selection matters to large extent.

Developed Western countries' policies regardinginternational student education have evolved through three stages since the Second World War:first,they were focused on development aid;then,they shifted to focus on export trade;and last,they became national strategies.The developed countries of the West have built their international student policies around the three metaphors of “humane good deed”,“win-win deal” and “free competition” in order to maintain their dominant position in the field.These policies aim to encourage the infiltration of cultural values under the guise of development assistance,international educational cooperation under the guise of capital plundering,and an international talent competition based on the maintenance of superiority in order to perpetuate unequal power relations.The global environment is growing more volatile and complicated.International student can also be seen in light of the idea of a community of human destiny.It fosters the development of a “new landscape for international student education” that incorporates many viewpoints and the spread of more marginalized and emergent types of education.

The acquisition of symbolic numbers is a milestone in the development of children's numerical cognition,as it marks the transition from the stage where children only possess primary,non-verbal numerical abilities to the stage where they can comprehend culturally-acquired symbolic number systems through conceptual learning.Children typically start to learn symbolic numbers (including the cardinality and the successor function of symbolic numbers) since 3 or 4 years of age.Although the developmental trajectory of learning about symbolic numbers has been depicted,it remains unclear how the learning occurs.In particular,it has been highly debated about the cognitive foundation for the conceptual acquisition of symbolic numbers.Researchers now have focused on examining whether children's learning of symbolic numbers is built on primary non-verbal numerical abilities that are presented since early infancy.As non-verbal numerical abilities are supported by at least two distinct cognitive systems,including the Approximate Number System (ANS) and the Object Tracking System (OTS),researchers have investigated if the acquisition of symbolic numbers relies on these systems.Specifically,there have been four different hypotheses on the cognitive foundation for learning symbolic numbers.The ANS hypothesis suggests that ANS is the cognitive foundation,while the OTS hypothesis proposes that OTS is responsible.The Dual-system hypothesis suggests that both ANS and OTS are required for the acquisition of symbolic numbers.On the other hand,the independence hypothesis suggests that neither of the two systems is the cognitive foundation.Both positive evidence and challenges for each of these hypotheses were discussed in the present review.It should be noticed that the empirical findings from previous studies cannot strictly test the four hypotheses due to limitations in experimental design.Some experimental designs were suggested to test these hypotheses and further reveal the cognitive foundation for children's acquisition of symbolic numbers.

The quality of teacher-child interaction is one of the most important process quality indicators of preschool education quality,and it is also a difficult point to break through in scientific and large-scale evaluation.Automated classroom observation is a new paradigm of multi-modal data-driven education research,which provides a new direction for teacher-child interactions quality assessment.Automated classroom observation has covered many areas of teacher-child interactions,such as emotional support,classroom organization and instruction support,among which the evaluation of emotional support is the most mature.Automated assessment also uses facial expression,voice,eye movement and other data modes,and voice data is the most widely used at present.Automated classroom observation can help to achieve integrated teaching and evaluation and large-scale evaluation,but it still faces challenges in data collection,quality and ethics.In the future,China can focus on five aspects,such as formulating evaluation indicators,focusing on breakthroughs in key technologies,building video resource database,carrying out interdisciplinary research and improving norms and standards,and driving the reform process of intelligent evaluation of preschool education quality with the application of automated classroom observation.

In ancient China,both vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese coexist in the composition of Chinese language,with classical Chinese as its main part and vernacular Chinese as its supplement.The May Fourth New Culture Movement advocates the use of vernacular Chinese,but does not entirely negate classical Chinese.What was “abolished” is not classical Chinese itself,but its dominant status.Whether in theory or in practice,it is neither possible nor advisable to prohibit or abandon classical Chinese at that time.During the May Fourth period,there was a significant shift in the status of vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese.Vernacular Chinese initially sought legal status,then aimed for dominance,and eventually maintained its dominant position,while classical Chinese initially aimed to preserve its dominance,then sought legal status,and retained a “place” in application.The “conservatives” during the May Fourth period never denied the importance of vernacular Chinese,and they simply opposed replacing classical Chinese with vernacular Chinese.On the other hand,the “radicals” never denied the significance of classical Chinese,and they simply advocated establishing a new “national language” based on vernacular Chinese,opposing the dominant status of classical Chinese in the Chinese language.Both in the past and present,vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese are not mutually exclusive,and instead,they complement each other,coexist,and compete with each other within a clear hierarchy.

In the current drive to build a strong nation through education,it is particularly important to deeply understand the relationship between language and thought.First,language and thought occur at the same time,and they have been thoroughly unified as a parallel,consistent,inseparable and mutually supportive structure.Second,the highest standard of language is “accurate and appropriate”.The thought must be consistent with the language,and the style must be consistent with the personality.So the tempering of language is to forge one's character.Third,Chinese language is the mirror image of the times and it updates with the development of thought,which evolves with the times.Moreover,Chinese language also enriches itself in the interaction with the times.With the wisdom of a philosopher,Zhu Guangqian's insight into the essence of Chinese not only solved the fundamental problems of literature,linguistics,philosophy,aesthetics,but also solved the core problems of Chinese education,so that we obtained further understanding about the nature of Chinese curriculum,deepened the theoretical construction of Chinese discipline,and it also injected new ideas and new methods into Chinese education.

In the Qing Dynasty,the returns on land benefits,for officials,brought from river control was no less than those from the corruption of national funds.In the flood-stricken area where the Huai River and the Huang River intersect,the value of lands depends on whether it could avoid the harm of floodwater.Unauthorized civilians were forced by floods to abandon a large number of lands,while powerful groups related to bureaucrat power occupied the lands on a large scale,which gave rise to the prevalence of large estates as well as the increase in land value with power.In the land dispute between the Shandong Lake Tuan (immigrants) and the local people in Xuzhou (natives) during the late Qing Dynasty in the Huang-Huai area,Zeng Guofan's coping approach to it was considered very “fair” by the imperial court and later historians.In essence,the approach,integrating great political considerations,shifts the responsibility of the government to both victim sides and uses high-sounding official rhetoric to suppress folk norms,leaving behind endless troubles of land disputes.

A funeral is not only a farewell ceremony but also a grand social event.In the Han Dynasty,with the rapid rise of the official class,their funerals became important gatherings and social places.Through the performance of filial piety at funerals,the descendants of later generations built their own image of filial piety and sought progress in their official career.The imperial court,on the other hand,made use of the gift-giving activities to coordinate the monarch-subject relationship and publicize the mainstream values.By going to the funerals,officials and scholars expressed their political positions and expanded their communication networks.The funerals of officials in the Han Dynasty are no longer simple funeral ceremonies,but concentrated political stages.The exploration of official funerals in the Han Dynasty not only reveals the profound impact of social reform on the funeral ceremony system,but also vividly shows the daily operation mechanism of the political system and social relations in the Han Dynasty.

Unlike other Wang Yangming's disciples who mainly intervened in the form of lectures in the “Controversy between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming”,Ji Ben,known as a “scriptural scholar of Wang Yangming's school”,resorted to classical exegesis,starting from the “Controversy between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming” in the Great Learning,and devoted his efforts to writing his book,Notes of the Great Learning,and carried out in-depth analyses of both texts and doctrines.From the texts of the Great Learning,Ji Ben constructed his characteristic “Ji's altered version of the Great Learning” based on the condemnation and absorption of the ideas from Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming.In doctrines of the Great Learning,he largely followed the ideas of Wang Yangming,and his ideas greatly deviated from those of Zhu Xi.He pioneered an academic program to resolve the dispute between Zhu and Wang by “basing himself on Confucianism,taking Yangming's doctrines as its basis and showing compatibility with Zhu's doctrines”.This scheme reflects,on the one hand,that the internal Yangming School of Mind is by no means a declining classic,as existing studies have shown,and,on the other hand,that Zhu Xi's philosophy is always “present” in the early “Controversy between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming”,influencing the evolution of Wang Yangming's philosophy in the form of a reference.This not only helps us to grasp the academic pattern of the early “Controversy between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming”,but also helps us to understand the two-way interaction between classical interpretations and academic trends.

Lukács's theoretical construction of the methodology of historical initiative from the perspective of the “totality category” has its realistic and profound ideological motivation.The motivation is to overcome the reductionist interpretation of historical development laws by vulgar Marxism and its economic determinism,which can help review the positive and negative lessons brought about by the social revolution.Finally,he uses the ideological logic of historical dialectics to explain the dialectical relationship between historical determinism and historical initiative.As a philosophical argument of historical initiative,Lukács's “totality category” not only defines the overall historical thought of Marxism from the perspective of social ontology,but also demonstrates the subjectivity principle of Marxism from the perspective of revolutionary practice.Of course,Lukács's philosophical argument has an overcorrected bias.He interprets historical dialectics as a dialectical consciousness,transforming his concept of “communist historical philosophy” into a idealism historical philosophy.This bias has also become a theoretical feature of “Western Marxism”,thereby promoting the theoretical evolution of various “cultural Marxism” after Lukács.

It's crucial for evaluation work to understand the connotation of the green development of industry.Previous studies have overlooked the important role of green manufacturing systems and have rarely explored the sources of regional differences in green and low-carbon development of industry.So,it is necessary to remedy these deficiencies.Results show that China's Industrial Green and Low-Carbon Development Index is showing an overall upward trend,reflecting the continuous improvement of the quality of green and low-carbon development of industry.From a regional perspective,the three major regions (eastern,central and western regions) show a clear transition distribution from east to west,and provinces with better quality of green and low-carbon development of industry still concentrate in the eastern region.The regional gap in the quality of green and low-carbon development of industry shows an increase followed by a decrease.The differences in the quality of regional green and low-carbon development of industry mainly come from between regions,and the sources of the differences within and between regions are different.The main issues currently existing are that,firstly,the core role of green innovation development in achieving green and low-carbon development of industry has not been fully fulfilled.Secondly,there is still some room for optimization in the green and low-carbon system.Thirdly,there are significant regional differences in the implementation effectiveness of the regulations and other systems of local environmental protection.Therefore,while promoting the strategies of regional coordinated development,the government needs to focus on the regional differences in the level of green and low-carbon development of industry.

The industrial foundation is the source of industrial competitiveness,and directly determines the potential of the industrial development of a particular country.At present,the digital economy is transforming the traditional industrial logic,and intelligent manufacturing has become the key trend of industrial foundation reconstruction.As one of China's strategic emerging industries,the new energy automobile industry has the practical problems of collaborative innovation ability to be improved,limited investment in intelligent application,and lagging development of recycling business.In the face of the increasingly complex global political and economic situation,China's new energy automobile industry can adopt the ideas of technological innovation,intelligent upgrading and green transformation,and promote the reconstruction of industrial foundation in accordance with the path of “improving top-level design-building an innovation collaboration platform-building industrial clusters-promoting the coordinated development of enterprises-cultivating specialization,refinement,uniqueness and novelty-improving supporting conditions-strengthening talent training”.