Chinese-style modernization is an endogenous concept with theoretical originality, which has grown out of the Chinese soil. It is the product of following the “two combinations”, especially “the second combination”, rather than an imitation, transplantation or appropriation of Western civilization and culture. The innovation of its cultural form mainly stems from the new content generated by the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. In particular, the profound heritage of Chinese culture has profoundly influenced the innovative orientation of Chinese-style modernization, thereby providing a value reference and internal specification for transcending the Western modernization model and expanding the dimension of modernity. The timely proposal of the major assertion of Chinese-style modernization is a manifestation of the Communist Party of China's progress from cultural confidence to cultural self-strengthening, an ideological crystallization of the Party's innovative theory, and the latest achievement of the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China first proposed to promote the integration of education, science and technology, and talents, which is of significant strategic implications.From the four important dimensions of the strategic essential of building a strong nation, the synergetic development essential of system interaction, the high-quality development essential of multiplier effect, and the competition essential of global leadership, making coordinated efforts to promote the integration pertaining to education, science and technology, and talents, is a deep insight and scientific summary of the laws of building a strong nation, a vivid practice of adhering to and applying the system concept, a profound grasp of the internal driving force of high-quality development, and a powerful response to the complex international and domestic situations and new global competition trends.In the new journey of comprehensively promoting the construction of a powerful nation with Chinese path to modernization, the three major systems of education, science and technology, and talents should resonate with each other at the same frequency, cohere with each other, and move in the same direction, consolidating the basic and strategic underpinnings for Chinese modernization.

Based on the survey data from migrant and urban middle-school students, this study has investigated the linear and nonlinear relationships between different forms of parental involvement and students' learning engagement.We have also tested whether these associations are different for migrant youth and urban youth.The results have showed that:First, the effect of parental school-based involvement on the learning engagement is positive and linear in both migrant and urban middle-school students.Second, increased parental home-based involvement has a diminishing positive effect on migrant middle-school students' learning engagement, whereas the relationship between parental home-based involvement and urban middle-school students' learning engagement is linear.Third, parental academic socialization has a positive linear effect on the learning engagement of migrant middle-school students, but the effect on urban middle-school students is not significant.These results have revealed the differences in the patterns of how different forms of parental involvement are associated with the learning engagement of migrant and urban middle-school students, shedding light on how parents can effectively participate in their children's education.

Attaining argumentation through exegesis constitutes the essential pathway in classical Chinese hermeneutics.Zhu Xi has systematically elucidated his neo-canonical system, with the Doctrine of the Mean as its theoretical framework, through multifaceted exegetical methods, including selecting meanings to clarify argumentation, altering characters to elucidate argumentation, analyzing sentences to reveal argumentation, dissecting chapters to illuminate argumentation, and crossing multiple texts to demonstrate argumentation.These methods have provided textual substantiation for the Neo-Confucian thought that emerged from traditional Confucian doctrines.From characters to words, from sentences to chapters, and then to cross-textual contextualization, Zhu Xi has made meticulous applications and skillful interpretations, further deepening the proposition that “exegesis and argumentation are two sides of the same coin” through the proficient application of a systematic exegetical mechanism.

Allegory, one of the most classic rhetorical discourses in ancient China, extensively participates in the construction of the discursive paradigms by means of irony-featured analogy, and realizes the function of conveying ethical instruction or aspirations through the expression of different thematic categories.Previous studies of Chinese allegories have been constrained by the western generic allegory and traditional stylistic approach, neglecting the consistent rhetorical characteristic of allegories.Therefore, this study combines modeling analysis and linguistic data interpretation to discover the rhetorical characteristic and the discursive function of classical Chinese allegories.It is found that the ironic meaning is made prominent by an “analogical comparison” between figurative things and abstract concepts, while the “irony-featured allegory” orienting to persuasive satire hides the ethical instruction implicitly.The allegories present the thematic categories in the paradigm of euphemism, symbolism or parallelism in order to realize the expression of the ethical instruction or noble aspirations.

The two functional elements of Confucian exegesis are “addressing language barriers” and “explaining ideas of argumentation”.The Han study of The Book of Odes represented by Mao Zhuan integrates argumentation into word exegesis, which belongs to the mode of “unity”, while the Song study of The Book of Odes represented by Zhu Xi's Shi Jizhuan tends to separate the function of explaining argumentation from word exegesis, leaving it to the other modules, which belongs to the mode of “separation”.The internal reason for this lies in the different emphases on the textual context and the cultural context.The Qing scholars have further developed the mode of “separation”, laying a solid foundation for the creation of Zhang Taiyan's “the study of Chinese language and characters”.

Oriental countries have enjoyed a long history of substantial foreign exchanges conducted in diverse and complicated forms, accumulating abundant beneficial experience in the course.Spanning over several centuries, the Silk Road is not only an important element of oriental history, but that of human civilization.Human wisdom as well as positive and negative experience have been condensed along the Silk Road, which boasts a very early start and expansive geographical reach.It is from the historical experience that social development can draw progressive force.As multi-directional paths and bonds linking the East and West, the Silk Road extends to the future to contribute to the progress of human civilization.That studying on the Silk Road from the dimension of the oriental diplomatic history, is a specific action to deepen the Silk Road study.

During Mid-Tang, as the systems for selecting officials gradually matured, bureaucrats who rose through the imperial examinations congregated in the capital.Chang'an served as the stage for their daily lives.There had been an interactive impact between the city and its residents.Firstly, Chang'an's development pattern affected residents within it.During Sui and Early Tang Dynasties, with Zhuque Avenue as the central axis, the Chang'an City was symmetrical from east to west, while the political status of the different blocks was equal.In the Middle Tang Dynasty, with the political center moving from the Taiji Palace to the Daming Palace, the importance of the eastern blocks had grown increasingly prominent.This had an impact on the lives of literati bureaucrats in Chang'an City.They gathered towards the central and southern parts of the eastern blocks, as well as the western blocks, their related activities in turn reshaped the sociocultural function of various blocks of Chang'an City.As representative figure in the 9th century, Zhang Ji's visit to Bai juyi across the Zhuque Avenue, and his achievement of living in the East through three relocations, should all be observed under this context.

The Ten Dao Maps is an administrative geographical work from the Tang Dynasty, serving the governance of local regions by the centralized state.The reform of the selection system for officials integrated the ranking of prefectures and counties into the Ministry of Personnel's nomination framework.In the later period of the Tang Dynasty, The Ten Dao Maps, along with The Following Qualifications and The Long-established Grades, became parts of the official regulations used by the Ministry of Personnel.From the Five Dynasties through to the early Northern Song period, the hierarchical rankings recorded in this document remained a critical administrative reference for central authorities.The Song Dynasty works such as The Nine Regions Map, The Yuanfeng Nine Regions Record, and The Nine Regions Record were all compiled based on The Ten Dao Maps, following its principles, structural format, and function in recording the hierarchy of prefectures and counties to serve administrative purposes.The documentation of the hierarchy of prefectures and counties is crucial to the administrative function of The Ten Dao Maps and The Illustrated Gazetteer of Nine Regions.Examining the development and evolution of administrative geographic records like The Ten Dao Maps and The Illustrated Gazetteer of Nine Regions is significantly important for studies related to the administration of prefectures and counties, and the reforms of the selection system during the Tang and Song periods.

In the face of the intensifying crises and alienation in late capitalism, Henri Lefebvre, based on the standpoint of historical materialism and within the context of the critique of political economy, shifted Marx's critique of production relations based on commodity production to the critique of the production of space.Through exploring the contemporary heterogeneous issues of space, he consciously constructed a three-dimensional picture of spatial dialectics with the practice of space production as the theoretical foundation and the “abstract-concrete” as the methodological principle.That is to say, the utopian “differential space” derived from the “contradictory space” signified the end of the capital production and reproduction relations represented by “abstract space”.It not only revealed the spatial fetishism caused by the domination of capital's “abstract space” but also depicted the possibility of sublating the abstract space and moving towards the differential space.Thus, his spatial dialectics initiated the critique of spatial political economy, expanded the dimension of Marx's critique of political economy, and had a broad and far-reaching impact on the research of contemporary spatial issues.However, because his spatial dialectics overly emphasized the spatial dimension and utopian conceptions, to some extent, it led to the closure of dialectics and made it difficult to highlight the revolutionary and thorough nature of dialectics.

In Philosophy of Right Hegel accuses Rousseau for failing to distinguish between the general will(volonté générale)and the will of all(volonté de tous), which has often been seen as Hegel's misinterpretation of Rousseau.However, given that the core characteristic of Rousseau's “general will” lies in its aspiration towards common interests and the common good, it necessarily requires corresponding will subjects not only to exhibit neutral volition capability but also to possess normative cognition capacity.Furthermore, the question arises of how will subjects can acquire such normative capacity.Hegel believes that this normative capacity of the will can only be intrinsic, and gradually developed through the cultivation of “bourgeois” in civil societies, unlike Rousseau's treatment of “citizens” by states, which seeks external normativity through contracts or indoctrination.Therefore, it seems reasonable to infer that the true disagreement between Hegel and Rousseau lies in whether to acknowledge civil societies as an independent domain that must not only exist outside states but also forms the foundation of states.

The employment multiplier effect of manufacturing industry is a fundamental issue in the field of economics, and the change of employment multipliers is an important reflection of the transformation of population and economic development stages.We use county-level data from the Chinese Population Census to estimate the long-term multiplier effect of manufacturing on local service sector employment from 2000 to 2020.We reveal an overall employment multiplier of 0.59 during this period, with clear phase-specific characteristics and significant turning points.Between 2000 and 2010, the multiplier reached 0.62, but from 2010 to 2020, no significant employment multiplier effect was observed.In the first decade, the multiplier was notably stronger for employment in consumer-oriented services, while it was weaker for producer-oriented and public services.In the second decade, manufacturing even showed a crowding-out effect on employment in consumer services.The turning point of the employment multiplier effect reflects the profound changes in the relationship between the manufacturing industry and the service industry, which is synchronized with the changes in Chinese population, labor markets and economic development stages.Continuously observing the employment multiplier effect is helpful to understand the rapid transformation of China's demographic and economic structures and development stages, and further grasp the regional and industrial development strategies, as well as macroeconomic policies under the new normal of population and economy.

Based on panel data from 1874 counties in China from 2013 to 2021, this study employs bidirectional fixed effect models and nonlinear mediation models to examine the impact of county-level industrial integration on the urban-rural income gap and its underlying mechanisms.The results reveal a significant U-shaped nonlinear relationship between industrial integration and income gap:At lower levels of industrial integration, it helps reduce the urban-rural income gap, while at higher levels, it exacerbates the gap.However, most counties in China have not yet reached the inflection point where the income gap begins to widen.Mechanism analysis shows that county-level industrial integration affects income gap through two main channels:promoting industrial upgrading and advancing urbanization.Long-term effect analysis indicates a second inflection point where high levels of industrial integration further reduce the income gap.These findings suggest that the government should strengthen infrastructure and institutional development based on the characteristics of county-level industrial development, and promote the integration of county-level industries in a systematic manner to effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap.

The deep integration of digital technology and real economy promotes the prevalence and development of the digital mode of production, and accelerates the cultivation and construction of new quality productive forces and new production relations.New-quality productivity drives industrial reshaping and labor quality leaping under the leadership of technological innovation, and new production relations promote the optimal allocation of means of production, intelligent management of the production process and win-win sharing of production results, laying a solid foundation for high-quality full employment.The deep integration of digital technology and real economy in the three major areas of digital countryside, smart city and digital government has created a Chinese paradigm for the development of the digital economy, and has had a far-reaching impact on promoting the realization of high-quality full employment.At this stage, the deep integration of digital technology and real economy to enable high-quality full employment is still faced with such problems as labor skills lagging behind the changes in market demand, high barriers to digital and real integration in small and medium-sized enterprises being difficult to break down, the innovative operational mechanism for the integration of the four chains not yet having taken shape, the efficiency of the matching of the supply of and demand for labor resources urgently needing to be improved, and the protection of the rights and interests of key groups still being a weak link.To accelerate the deep integration of digital technology and real economy to empower high-quality full employment, the individual level should change the concept of employment, cultivate the concept of lifelong learning, and accelerate the enhancement of digital skills.The enterprise level should break through the integration barriers, lower the threshold of digital and real integration, and help small and medium-sized enterprises in their transformation.The industrial level should promote the synergy of the four chains, and improve the mechanism of the integration of the four chains, so as to facilitate the innovation and development of industries.The market level should optimize the allocation of resources, and enhance the efficiency of matching supply and demand to promote the prosperity of the employment market.The government level should build a solid bottom line for people's livelihood, strengthen the services for key groups, and improve the security system of rights and interests.

The industrial sector is the primary arena for China to achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, with energy costs serving as an important driver for energy conservation and emission reduction.This study uses a weighted calculation of energy costs, taking into account the structure of energy consumption and variations in energy prices, to empirically investigate the mechanism through which energy costs affect industrial carbon emissions.The results show that:(1)An escalation in energy costs significantly reduces both the total carbon emissions and the carbon emission intensity of the industrial sector.This finding remains robust to exogenous shock analysis and robustness checks.(2)In terms of impact mechanisms, the impetus for carbon abatement from energy costs operates through two channels.First, higher energy costs stimulate technological progress in the industrial sector, thereby increasing energy efficiency and consequently reducing the quantity and intensity of carbon emissions during production processes.Second, higher energy costs encourage the transition to intelligent industrial practices that optimize energy structures and thus reduce carbon emissions from energy consumption.(3)Heterogeneous analysis reveals that the carbon abatement effect of energy costs is stronger in labor-intensive, highly trade-exposed, and low-innovation industries.These findings underline the need to accelerate energy market reforms, to tailor energy efficiency enhancement and structural optimization strategies to industry specifications, and to effectively exploit the potential of energy costs for carbon abatement in the industrial sector.