Strengthening the construction of the rural teacher team is of great significance to promote rural education and the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy.Over the recent years,the construction of rural teacher team in China has made obvious progress,but there are still some problems such as shortage of quantity,imbalance of structure,lack of pro- fessional quality and low stability,which affect the development of rural education,influence the mobility of rural students to the cities,and then impact the overall revitalization of rural areas from the aspects of talents,industry and culture,etc.The policies of teacher team construction are one of the important causes of the above problems.At present,there is an urgent need to vigorously innova te systems and mechanisms,and to improve the rural teacher construction policy system.The focus should be attached to the innovation and improvement of the policies on the comprehensive remuneration,long- term post,title improving,and teachers' training to promote the stability of the rural teacher team,structure optimization and quality im-provement,and to effectively promote the integrated development of urban and rural education in the new era,therefore to provide a solid foundation for the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

School climate was widely recognized as one of the key school characteristics that can reflect students' school experiences in all aspects.There has been a growing interest in school climate in the recent few decades.Therefore,it was of great significance to systematically review the research of school climate on its definition,measurement and its relationship with students' development.As a complex multi-faceted construct,school climate was defined as a kind of organizational climate,a kind of social environment and the social-psychological climate of school from three perspectives.A number of studies have extensively examined the direct effects on student's development and the interaction effects of the overall school climate.All the findings confirmed the close positive connection between school climate and students' development.The differential effects of school climate on developmental outcomes for different student groups were also found,which was mainly reflected in the protective effect of a good school climate on disadvantaged students and the intensifying effect of a negative school climate on the adverse development of disadvantaged students.In future researches on the school climate,we should pay attention to evaluating it as a multi-dimensional dynamic variable,constructing hierarchical models and multiple factors interactions model to deeply explore the mechanism underlying the association between school climate and student development,and implementing evidence-based intervention studies.

Under the background of the Healthy China Strategy,the mechanism to enhance the life satisfaction of migrant children from the perspective of positive psychology has gradually become one of the focuses of society and academics.To deeply explore the influencing factors of life satisfaction and its relationships and reveal "how" and "when" perceived discrimination predicts life satisfaction,897 migrant children in Beijing were selected as the research objects,and a mediation model was proposed to investigate the mediating effect of the belief in a just world in the relationship between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction,and whether this mediating process was moderated by teacher support.The results showed that:(1) Perceived discrimination had a significantly negative prediction on life satisfaction.(2) The belief in a just world played a mediating role between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction.(3) Teacher support moderated the mediated path through the belief in a just world.Compared with migrant children with low teacher support,the indirect effect was much stronger for those with high teacher support.The improvement of migrant children's life satisfaction can be achieved not only by reducing perceived discrimination and improving their level of belief in a just world,but also by enhancing their awareness and ability to use teacher's support.

The idea that the genre of capital odes in the Eastern Han Dynasty originated from the debate on capital moving is the surface structure revealed in the texts.The generation of the capital odes was caused not only by the accumulation of the previous ode style,but also by the inevitable result of the capital form advancement in the Qin and Han Dynasties.The differences in the capital development processes of Chang'an and Luoyang also show the verticality and continuity of the capital city form.When the construction of the imperial capital's cultural form reaches a relatively mature stage,the word di du(imperial capital) could be used independently;thus,the capital odes were generated,developed and flourished.The depictions on Chang'an and Luoyang in the capital odes inspire the records and associations of the two capitals in later documents,and it also influences the substantial construction of the capital cities:San Fu Yellow Map presented and reshaped the Chang'an City in the Western Han Dynasty,and YUWEN Kai designed and constructed the Chang'an City in the Sui Dynasty,which prove the derivation and interaction between the capital odes and capital culture.

This paper is based on the Painting of the Boat Contest on the Jinming Pool by ZHANG Zeduan in the Song Dynasty,which is a realistic presentation of the Jinming Pool earliest among the existing paintings.Although not as large as the Painting of the Riverside Scene at the Qingming Festival,it reflects more comprehensively the connotation of the capital city from a multi-angle and multi-level perspective.By comparing with the relevant literary works and the painting,"the contest for bid" activities on the Jinming Pool in the Shangsi Festival can be categorized into three different spaces,including the performance on the river,imperial ritual,and scholarly entertainment,to discuss the narration on the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty in literary composition.The three spaces are dynamically interrelated with clear boundaries as well as in tensions between the viewer and the viewed.It marks a better representation of the rich connotations as well as the political and cultural transformation within the space of the capital than the Painting of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.Through the depiction of water warfare,water entertainment,washing ritual,and pray for rain in the Shangsi Festival,the space of performance on river directly exposes the turn of national policies and rituals.The fanciful illustration of the imperial ritual space indicates the monarch-subject relationship and political leverage,either publicly or secretively,such as practicing archery,attending banquets,enjoying flowers,fishing,and matching poems.The space of scholarly entertainment provides a grand mixture of distinctive figures,and it constructs typical scenes of elite gatherings and the love between city residents.The manifolds of literary discourse have accomplished the richness of visual language and representation.

During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty(1735-1796),imperial poetry and prose was widely received because of its leading role in literary culture,and its influence was noticeable in the collections of officials who lived in the capital.The imperial leadership in literary culture created certain criteria in the conception,evaluation and content of literature;the emperor not only promoted "agents" to implement these criteria,but also interfered in person the civil examinations.Common scholars were very motivated to follow the imperial leadership,and they provided a compromising interpretation of the contradictory ideas of "a sagely rule" and "eremitism".The imperial authority dominated the development of literature in the capital city during the Qianlong reign,whereas the collective initiative revealed from the top to bottom of the social hierarchy the fundamental reason behind this phenomenon.

The most significant part of a historian's work is to raise questions,which provide the focuses of historical research.The scholarship of a historian depends upon whether he or she keeps "question thinking" or not,and it also becomes one of the important differences between modern and traditional scholarship.In the opinion of the French Annales School,any research without "questions" cannot be included in modern academia.Then what is "question thinking"? How does it affect and promote academic writings? Where does it originate from? How can we obtain the ability of "question thinking"? And how do "questions" advance scholarship? The answers not only concern the directions of historiography,but also offer practical guidance for graduate students to choose their ways of education and academic research.

Historians have discussed whether the early medieval kingdoms could be conceptualized as "state" in the past three decades,and have many different opinions.However,the specific performance of the early medieval kingdoms,rather than the nature and definition of "state",may be more helpful for historians.In this consideration,the political world in Deeds of the Saxons by Widukind of Corvey is discussed in this paper.It shows that the political world presented by Widukind is a multiple and compound category,including ethnic group as its basic composition,and empire as well as Christendom or Europe in the upper level."Saxon patriotism" reflects Widukind's ethnic identity,while the Christendom or Europe is not a political entity,but the key element in Widukind's social and political thinking and the benchmark to judge the righteousness of a transaction.His appeal for order and power is mainly placed on the Ottonian Empire where he lived.According to his historical narrative,it can be concluded that the Ottonian Empire is dependant on the bond of the personal relationship,but this personal relationship also contains order and public authority.The categories in his historical narration including Christianity and secular orientation,hereditary right and the election of dignitaries,institution and individual,and public and private are not the opposite of dual.It is not appropriate to explain the political world in Deeds of the Saxons in a series of dual opposite categories.

The Peloponnesian War is extremely significant in human history.Thucydides' record and analysis of the war attracted the attention of both historians and scholars of international relations.The former mostly try to get rid of the shackles of Thucydides' statement and draw a conclusion different from Thucydides by grasping and sorting out more details of pre-war history,while the latter mostly approve of Thucydides' judgment and attempts to further refine the "Thucydides Trap" from different perspectives.The reason for the difference is that historians regard the Peloponnesian War as an isolated event and the outbreak of the war as an accidental result of some butterfly effect.Scholars of international relations,however,view the outbreak of the War as an almost inevitable consequence of a certain phenomenon.The efforts of both fields in different directions are of great significance to our understanding of the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War.

The roots of human politics can be traced back to the era when human ancestors were still in the animal world.Primate ancestors lived a competitive social life and formed a social order centered on the domination-submission relationship.The formation of group order is the result of natural evolution and the natural law of human society.The individual's survival demand and the group's stable order constitute the inevitable survival situation of gregarious social animals.The domination-submission hierarchical structure is inevitably accompanied by power struggle and power change.The purpose of the power struggle of gregarious social animals is to gain control and domination status,which can bring material benefits,superiority and sexual privileges.Power ambition is a political instinct,and group members will obey because of fear,interest,or tolerance.Dominators must gain the recognition and support of group members,and must master flexible political skills,including taking advantage of wide-recognized "political virtues"as a"political strategy" to win the maximum support of group members to combat competitors.The era of Homo Sapiens opened the historical stage of "human politics",for Homo Sapiens possessed the ability of abstract thinking and language communication,and could achieve the stability of group order through "fictional" stories.Human history is a grand power game based on various fictional stories around the power structure and social order of domination and submission.The history of human political thought is the history of creating "accumulative" fictional stories around political issues in various historical stages.The social order centered on domination and submission is the inescapable fate of human beings as gregarious social animals.

The industrial robots have an important impact on the upgrading of the manufacturing industry and the transformation of economic structure.However,facing the wave of industrial robots replacing labor,what adjustments will the local labor market make in employment and wages? Based on the instrumental variable method and data of China's Labor-force Dynamics Survey from 2012 to 2016,the study shows that there is no evidence that robots cause total job losses,but they do lead to the re-allocation of labor among different sectors.The employment probability of the manufacturing sector decreased,but this loss was fully offset by additional jobs in the service sector.Moreover,robots have significantly increased the working hours of local labor,mainly due to the increase in working hours of labor in the service sector.In addition,the robots have a small effect on the overall local wage growth,but the wage structure has been adjusted accordingly.Wages and skill premiums in the manufacturing sector have increased rapidly,but wages in the service sector have increased slowly,and there was no significant change in skill premiums.Accordingly,the government needs to consider its relationship with labor market employment and wages when formulating policies for industrial intelligent development,especially considering the interests of the manufacturing sector and low-skilled labor groups.Implementing corresponding employment and income redistribution policies should be made to reduce adjustment costs caused by industrial robots.

With the rapid development of Internet and information technology,the main trend of modern industrial development is the integration of manufacturing and service industries,and the interaction between them in employment is crucial to enlarge the scale of employment in the New Normal.Based on the Chinese provincial-level panel dataset(except Tibet) during the period 1997-2016,this paper constructs a simultaneous equations model including both manufacturing employment equation and service employment equation,and examines the interaction of employment between them as well as influential effects that exogenous variables of economic system have.The empirical analysis indicates:Firstly,on the whole the multiplier effect of manufacturing employment on local service employment dominates the interaction of employment between manufacturing industry and service industry,while various service sectors have insignificant squeeze-out effects of employment on low-end manufacturing industry,which may be the main cause for service industry that fails to promote manufacturing employment.Secondly,low-end manufacturing industry has unidirectional multiplier effect of employment on both consumer services and producer services since low-end manufacturing industry is more sensitive to the variation of labor cost,but there exists significant bidirectional multiplier effect of employment between various service sectors and mid-high or high-tech manufacturing industry.Thirdly,enlarging market scale,promoting the rate of economic opening and increasing the manufacturing industry concentration are beneficial to increase manufacturing employment,while promoting informatization as well as service clusters contributes to improve performance in service employment.On the contrary,the increase of organic composition of capital and the prevalence of local protectionism may reduce the employment opportunities.Finally,complementary relations in the interaction of employment between manufacturing industry and service industry exist in different regions.Therefore,it's crucial to promote the deeply essential amalgamation of manufacturing and service industries,strengthen policy guidance and oversight and make full use of regional comparative advantages in the interaction of employment to maximize employment opportunities by regional industry transfer.