For integrating compulsory education and implementing rural revitalization,it is of great significance to coordinate the urban and rural school layout. In recent years,problems have arose in the process,including placing too much emphasis on economies of scale,as well as canceling and merging schools,which have aggravated the decline of rural education,and shaked the talent and cultural foundation of rural revitalization. Layout problems are caused by the value orientation,decision-making mechanism and policy implementation,as well as objective factors of rapid economic and social development and great regional differences. To cope with these,we should understand the close relationship between rural revitalization and new urbanization,firmly hold the concept of integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education,formulate scientific layout standard,coordinate urban-rural school layout based on the strategy of rural revitalization,strengthen the construction of small-scale rural schools,and promote the integration of urban and rural teachers.

The all-round development of Chinese university students is an important mission entrusted to higher education by the nation and the era. “All-round development” requires for the “all-round process” based on “all-round cognition”. Over the past three decades,the Ministry of Education has continuously improved the evaluation index system for higher education,and an independent secondary index “extracurricular activities” was listed in the system in 2013,the effectiveness of which deserves more attention in the academic research. Since 2016,the “University Extracurricular Activity Record” system has been implemented throughout the country,which helps strengthen the goal orientation and process attributes,and make the data accumulation and mining available. The research group selects one university with long-term data of abundant types and complete records as the research object,adopts the cone viewpoint structure,uses quantitative analysis methods,including the multi-valued logit selection model and negative binomial regression,and analyzes the marginal effects between students' learning input in the different extracurricular activity platforms and students' educational output,such as scientific research publication,scholarship grades,and comprehensive evaluation result. It is found that the learning performance of “extracurricular activities” has a positive correlation with the comprehensive assessment performance of the students. The performances in ideological guiding platform and the general education platform are most positively related to educational outputs. The international learning platform can promote the students' grades of College English Test Band 4 and Band 6. The campus culture platform has a crowding effect on student scholarships. The effect of club activity platform and employment platform on educational output is not significant. Therefore,the research group put forward three suggestions for functioning the extracurricular activities better in talents training: to enhance the relevance and construct a remarkable interactive mode of co-education;to strengthen the traction and establish a scientific and reasonable system;and to make good use of resources and improve the use efficiency of external resources in the extracurricular activities.

Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD)is expected to occur after exposing to prolonged and repeatedinterpersonal traumatic events. Besides the core symptoms of PTSD,its symptoms includeaffective dysregulation,negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships. The prevalence and construct of CPTSD in various culture has been assessed in a range of studies. The research found that the formation of CPTSD is not only associated with psychological processes such as the destruction of autonomy and loss of trust,but also may relate to the damage of brain areas of emotional functions. Currently,the three-phase-based treatment of CPTSD is an advocated and effective intervention. Future researches should explore the relationship between the complex trauma and CPTSD,clarify the concept and the applicability of the diagnostic tools in diverse cultural context,thoroughly analyze the causes and specific treatments for CPTSD.

According to the social cognitive theory of social class and relevant research,people of low social class tend to be more prosocial than their upper class counterparts,while the resource and cost theory of prosocial behavior supports that people of high social class are of higher capability and possibility to engage in prosocial behavior.As empiricalstudies increased,researchers began to realize that the relationship between social class and prosocial behavior can be better understood from the perspectivethat various factors jointly influence people's behavior,including micro variables of individual level (such as personality factors),meso variables of situational level (such as the specific social interaction situation),macro variables of social and cultural level (such as social structure and cultural factors). Recent studies reveal that the relationship between social class and prosocial behavior is influenced by thereciprocity belief, the publicity of prosocial contextand relative deprivation on the micro individual level,and altruism level of partner,charity appealing type andthe publicity context on the meso situational level,and income inequality and cultural on the macro social level. Future research should explore how prosocial context,social and cultural factors interact with an individual's social class to influence prosocial behavior,as well as investigatethe effect of recipient's social class in eliciting people's prosocial behavior, and the effect of actor's social class in people's paying the prosociality torward.

The research on folklore motifs in the Chinese historical classics is closely related to the paradigm of methodology of humanities at present,which swifts the academic focus from the text study to the cultural study among the international folkloristic circles after absorbing Bachkin's theory from the 1980s. Since the beginning of the 21st century,the international folkloristics has accepted the new Marxist theory and shifted from cultural studies to the perspective of sociology,materialism and religiousness,and all the shifts direct to the original texts and strengthen in the interdisciplinary and comprehensive research,which brings the folklore motifs in the historical classics to a research hotspot. In fact,China has abundant historical classics and folklore motifs,an important treasure and national pride of the integrate culture of the country and the Chinese folkloristics can share their opinions with international research field on this topic.

“Gaozong liang yin”,recorded in documents of the Pre-Qin,means that Gaozong lived in a thatched cottage during his mourning period for three years and had not issued any orders. The term “liang yin” was based on the shape and form of the thatched cottage,imitating the residence of the deceased relative. The cultural and ideological connotation of the cottage form was the “yin du (experience)” the deceased relatives. “Yin du” is a widespread ideology and culture in ancient times,and its motivation is for one's feelings to overlap with the others'. While the “yin” in “yin du” and “wen” in “wen ren” both originated from the etymology of “yin” meaning overlapping,the “experience” between people,between people and objects,between people and nature was to measure one's feelings with that of others,and the essence of “benevolence” was to experience other's feelings,which was a connotation of the ideology and culture of “harmony between man and nature”. By comparing historical vocabulary with ones related to the same context,it is proved that some words' rhyme with closing vowels changed to nasal vowel(-m＞-n,-p＞-t/-?)in the pre-form-and-pronunciation era,taking “Yin阴” changed to “Yin隐” and “Wen温” as the manifestations of this changing type.

The thought of nominal rectification stemming from Confucius is based on the in-depth analysis of the relationship between Ming and Shi (Ming is similar to Signifier,Shi to Signified),and has played an important role in the historical development of Chinese traditional exegetics,showing the law of dialectical synthesis of thesis and antithesis. In the pre-Qin period,the idea of nominal rectification was implemented in the specific Chinese interpretation,and gradually developed into Shengxun (pronunciation exegetics)and Xingxun (form exegetics),two major forms in exploring the motivation of language and character,which is considered as the thesis. In the Han Dynasty,the rectification of names focused on Confucian classics and philology,and its distinct tendency to Confucian classics led to the arbitrariness of explanation and the confusion between the Ming and Shi,which is considered as self-alienation of nominal rectification and the antithesis. In the late Han Dynasty,the ancient scholars represented by XU Shen corrected such a tendency and established the practical study tradition of Chinese exegetics,realizing the return of compatibility between Ming and Shi,which is synthesis. Xiaoxue (Chinese traditional philology)in the Qin and Han dynasties is the beginning and background of Chinese exegetics history,which followed the thought of nominal rectification and laid down the national characteristics of Chinese traditional exegetics.

This paper gives an overall analysis on the structural differences in history and civilization between the West or the Roman world and China from the 3rd to 6th century. Although both had been in great difficulty of political turmoil, segmentation and challenges from new barbarian states and new religions, they had great difference in the history of that period behind the similar phenomenon. It is not incidental for the Chinese history and civilization to survive the crisis with a continual development, while for the West to fail with a discontinuity, which resulted from the differences between the West and China in political, ethnical and cultural structures. Firstly, in terms of political structure, a unified and centralized state based on the junxian system (system of prefectures and counties) came into being in the Qin dynasty (BC 221-BC 207) and enhanced in the Han dynasty (BC 202-AD 220), and the idea of dayitong was kept and developed by both the han and hu peoples in ancient China, who were combined into a stable unification of equal identity and legal status. Rome rulers continued the pattern of polis and its ideology even after it had grown into a great empire, a loose and unstable unification or confederation with diversified civitas or polities and laws with a long tradition of autonomy, therefore failing to inspire the barbarians to seek for the reunification after its disintegration. Secondly, from the viewpoint of ethical structure, China had a long and intimate relationship between the han and hu peoples, and just distinguished the yi from xia in light of culture and region. The hu peoples were deeply Sinolized, and they adopted and promoted the han system comprehensively, thus forming a co-ethnical identity with the han people. The Romans were made in relatively late touch with the barbarians, by distinguishing its residents from each other by legal status. Less Romanized and as independent foederati inside the Empire, the barbarians were considered as non-citizens but aliens who kept their own political system, government and law, which resulted in their separated ethnical identity. Thirdly, as far as cultural structure was concerned, China kept a compatible multi-belief pattern with Confucianism holding the central position of the state ideology, though challenged by the xuanxue, Daoism and Buddhism, which attached more attention to the inner or spiritual world of the people and supplemented the shortcomings of Confucianism. The hu people adapted to and inherited this pattern, sharing the cultural identity with the han people. In the West, the polytheistic belief system converted to monotheism. Polytheistic worships in Rome used to be important political activities and emphasized more on the welfare of state than the needs of individual's inner world, and it was substituted by Christianity, intolerant of and incompatible with polytheism. As the only lawful religion and state ideology, it took the function of the political activity. In the end, the barbarians converted to Christianity and the Romans deserting their traditional beliefs merged into a new cultural identity based on Christianity.

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty,CUI Shi advocated the “goverance in the way of Ba (law and penalty)” to solve the problem of “the political defects of hundreds of kings”,to confront with the apocalyptic situation of corrupted politics and deposed laws. It was inconsistent with the mainstream view of the scholars of his times,who supported the way of Wang (morality and mercifulness),so the ancient and modern scholars' evaluation of CUI Wei,whether critical or supportive,was based on the academic debates between Confucians and the law school,as well as the traditional perspective of the arguments for the ways of Wang or Ba. In CUI Shi's context,the way of Ba provided a possible solution not only to the political and cultural dilemmas of the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties and the problem of “the political defect of hundreds of kings”,but also to the shortcomings of the way of Wang,advocated by the traditional Confucians;therefore,the way of Ba should not be simply regarded as the opposite of Wang. In order to justify the way of Ba,CUI Shi also used the historical experience of the King of Zhou in fighting the barbarism in the Spring and Autumn Period to demonstrate the benefit of Ba to imperial politics. It can be seen that CUI Shi's viewpoint was not to support the way of Ba,nor to use both Wang and Ba,but to try to introduce the positive elements of the way of Ba to assist that of Wang.

Two typical subjection ceremonies in the early Mongolian society are demonstrated in The Secret History of Mongolia and other materials,including to the subjection of servants to Khan or Qahan,and that of the weak to the strong. Although both had oaths,gifts (tributes)and other elements,the latter strengthened the connection more by establishing kinship-like relation. The subjection under the kinship-like relation had the reversal of monarchs and subjects after the translocation between strength and weakness and the reasonable occupation of wealth;it was the important reason why they did not take the initiative to dissolve the relationship like the adopted father and son or the sworn brothers,despite the fought with each other. The appellations such as anda,nökör and darqan,which reflect the original nature of equality and freedom,became gradually servanization in the descriptions in later texts. It reveals the author's intention in The Secret History of Mongolia to highlight the monarchical power and reshape history,and his ultimate goal of giving rationality to the Genghis Khan's Golden Family in governing the grassland.

The theory “evil of human nature” has been the criticism focus on Xunzi by the later scholars of the Confucius school. When talk about the structure of human nature,Xunzi emphasized that person's actual activities and emotional requirements shall be subject to the mind and it choice. The rules controlled by mind decide the implementation ways and behavior principle,add positive (good)or negative (not good or evil)moral value and significance in practical situations,rather than cause behaviors directly from the good or evil nature. In view of Mencius's “theory of original goodness of human nature”,Xunzi raised “evil of human nature”,whose essence is to emphasize there is no “ready goodness” in human nature,rather than to illustrate human nature is essentially “evil”. Xunzi held that human beings should be regarded as the same kind,whose nature is named as “dao” or “li”,which provides the ultimate existence purpose for human beings. As the existence as a “kind”,human beings have the tendency to be good,because of the logical inevitability and teleological goodness. Therefore,it did not relay on the external force in politics and in moral,but advocated self-reliance to achieve the moral goal. Both the structure of human nature of “subject to the mind” and the teleological goodness of nature formed the overall connotation of Xunzi's theory of human nature.

Human abilities can be divided into physical ability and intelligence,which can be replaced,extended and expanded by tools of artificial physical ability and artificial intelligence. The former refers to the tools for replacing,extending and expanding human physical ability,also called physical tools or artificial physical ability,while the latter to that for simulating,replacing,extending and expanding human intelligence,also called intelligence tools or artificial intelligence. The development from physical tools to intelligent tools is a qualitative leap,which constantly promotes human liberation and social progress. However,only part of human intelligence can be simulated,replaced,extended and expanded by AI (artificial intelligence). As for human intuition,potential and other personalized intelligence are an immature field for AI. The so-called “man-machine competition in the Go chess” is essentially a contest of one single human of world champion with the machine with experience of millions of Go masters worldwide. As an intelligent tool,artificial intelligence will not completely replace human intelligence,nor even eliminate human intelligence. Artificial intelligence and human intelligence promote each other in the tension of competition,which should be the prospect of artificial intelligence and human intelligence.

The past 40 years of reform and opening up has witnessed remarkable achievements in the basic education in China. As one of the public services,the basic education develops in a dynamic process,in which the financial input is not only the guarantee of education development,but also the important premise of realizing education equity. Under the convergence hypothesis of neoclassical economic growth theory,this paper makes an empirical analysis of the spatial dynamic convergence of basic education finance based on the panel data of 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2016. The main conclusions are as follows: firstly,there is no obvious-convergence and absolute -convergence in basic education as a whole or in all types of education,but the possibility still exists for the convergence of educational financial investment in the future,which can be used as a preliminary judgment to support further empirical research;secondly,it is found that financial investment in basic education has a spatial correlation and spillover effect,which constructs a spatial dynamic conditional -convergence model. The results show that after adding regional heterogeneity and spatial factors,the convergence of financial investment in basic education and various types of education will be significant. Meanwhile,the spatial spillover effect will increase with the improvement of educational level. Comparatively speaking,the convergence of educational finance is best in compulsory education stage,good in senior high school stage,and unsatisfied in preschool education stage,which should be balanced and the convergence rate be strengthened. In view of this,we should further balance financial investment in pre-school education,maintain or improve the regional balanced level of compulsory education and general high school investment at the present stage,and then form the structural balance of the overall development of basic education. In addition,we need to pay attention to the interregional interaction and maximize the advantages brought by the regional linkage effect.

Corporate fraud is extremely damaging,which should be distinguished from financial fraud or corporate violations. Among the listed companies in China,most are state-owned and featured by higher concentration of ownership,which leads to the need of studying the relationship between ownership structure and corporate fraud. The research divided the process of corporate fraud into conducting fraud and being exposed,and adopted the Bivariate Probit estimation method of partial observability to analyze the data of the listed company in China from 2006 to 2016. The results firstly indicate that being stated-owned is a positive variable,in other words,state-owned companies have a lower probability of committing fraud,and fraudulent activities that may occur are more likely to be exposed. Secondly,investor types determine the relationship between equity concentration and corporate fraud. As typical long-term investors,controlling shareholders of state-owned companies reduce the propensity of fraud commitment significantly. Controlling shareholders of non-state-owned companies are both long-term investors and short-term ones,thus have no significant implications on fraud commitment,but reduce the probability of fraud exposure. As typical short-term investors,non-controlling shareholders increase the probability of fraud commitment significantly. In the end,the higher the concentration of equity represented by the shareholding ratio of the top ten shareholders,the less likely it is that fraudulent activities will be exposed,which will obviously cause problems for supervision. The conclusion displays the necessity and urgency of practicing the value investment in China's capital market,which needs the efforts of government to punish the corporate fraud more rigorously and carry on institutional reforms.