The multiplier effect of China's modernization has formed and emerged at the beginning of the 21st century.Its reasons are as follows:people's hard work based on the goal for a better life,great emphasis set on the construction of material production foundation and talent team construction,the great expansion of the space and channels of social mobility in a large area,and the government's strong promotion.From one important aspect,the multiplier effect of China's modernization has not only effectively promoted the initial integration of all aspects of China's modernization into an organic whole,has accumulated huge potential energy for modernization and has greatly improved China's influence across the world,but has also effectively ensured the safe operation of Chinese society from another important aspect.All these reasons have contributed to the overall upgrading of China's modernization drive,which leads to a leap into a new stage.In order to effectively deal with the hidden dangers of the multiplier effect and to ensure the healthy and sustainable promotion of China's modernization process,special attention should be paid to the following aspects:forming a clear-headed and accurate judgment on the overall level of China's modernization construction,laying a solid foundation for a complete manufacturing production system,and upgrading China's industrial structure.

The important prerequisite of the contemporary construction of historical materialism value orientation is to determine the construction path.This construction path includes the following three aspects:first,it should be reflected in the interpretation of the reform of historical materialism,expounding its inheritance and development of excellent values in the history; second,it should be reflected in the interpretation and analysis of the historical evolution of historical materialism,expounding changes of status and the role of value orientation with human development as the core in the evolution of historical materialism; third,it should be reflected in the construction of historical materialism theoretical system,and the value orientation with human development as the core should be established as the basic value dimension of historical materialism theory.

Under the background of the “Double First-class” construction,the salary disparity of faculty in China,especially between high-level talents and ordinary teachers,is becoming more and more obvious.Based on the large-scale survey data of faculty's salaries in some universities in China and the analysis of three factors--individuals,disciplines and systems,the main findings are as follows:firstly,there is a high degree of disparity between faculty's seniority pay and year-end performance pay; secondly,basic performance pay and year-end performance pay are the major factors that cause the disparity of faculty's total annual salary,while the contribution rate of basic salary and subsidies to the disparity of faculty's total annual salary is relatively small,and the increase of their share can reduce the disparity of faculty's total annual salary; thirdly,the title of qualified personnel and the rank of professional title are the two factors that contribute most to the disparity of faculty's monthly income,while the performance of teachers contributes most to the disparity of annual total salary; fourthly,the contribution of subject factors to the salary disparity of faculty is small,the influence of which on the salary disparity of university teachers is different among regions; fifthly,the institutional factors such as the region where the university is located and the level of the university make a great contribution to the salary disparity of faculty.Based on the empirical research on the salary disparity of faculty,this paper puts forward the following four policy proposals.Firstly,the salary structure of faculty should be optimized,and the proportion of teachers' basic salary should be appropriately increased so as to enhance the security function of salary.Secondly,a mechanism for the growth of seniority salary should be established in line with the value-added human capital.At the same time,a rental subsidy and provident fund system to meet the local economic development level should be established as well so as to ensure the basic living needs of university teachers.Thirdly,colleges and universities should allocate the salaries of talents at all levels as a whole,take ability and job performance,rather than academic title,as the core criteria of academic labor market salary,and determine the salary gap between high-level talents and ordinary teachers within a reasonable range.Fourthly,a national salary survey and supervision system should be established in the labor market of colleges and universities.

Promoting quality development is the core task of vocational education in the 14th Five-Year Plan period.In recent years,the legal guarantee of higher vocational education is getting perfect,the orientation of type education is getting gradually clear,the institutional framework has constantly been improved,and the ability to serve the economic and social development has constantly been enhanced.As a result,all these aspects have consolidated the legal basis,practical basis,governance basis and capacity basis for quality development.However,there are still some problems in terms of school-running characteristics,system mechanisms,training mode,team building and investment guarantee.During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,we should highlight the characteristics of type education,optimize the structure and layout,improve the system mechanism,encourage the public to actively participate in the vocational education,deepen the integration of industry and education,innovate the mode of collaborative education between schools and enterprises,increasing the supply of quality resources,promote the reform of teachers,teaching materials and methodology in a coordinated way,increase input from various sources and accelerate the modernization of higher vocational education.

Vocational education has attracted much attention because it directly faces the labor market and the economic development of a society.It is an “important part of the national education system and human resource development”.The high-quality development level of vocational education determines the extent of its own function and the height of its value.In the new era of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way,accurately grasping the modern nature of modern vocational education is embodied in the following aspects:the integration and unity of freedom and rationality,the scientific understanding of the value rationality and instrumental rationality of vocational education,respecting the pursuit of humanistic value of modern vocational education,adhering to the educating qualities of vocational education,following the appropriate decision-making orientation of instrumental rationality,and then achieving the organic unity of vocational education instrumental rationality and value rationality.This is conducive to actively promoting the reform and development of modern vocational education,and to giving full play to the unique type role of vocational education.

The problem of authorship in early Chinese classics is complicated as well as various and sundry.Sometimes there is no specific author,or the record about the author is rather vague,or the general name of the profession is confused with the author's alias,or the group writings are signed in an individual way.The reasons for such complexity and variety are twofold:the writing system and tradition of China in the early days are different from those of later generations,and the author's individual writing consciousness is not yet mature enough.This in itself is a unique cultural phenomenon in early China,which involves our good perception.The understanding of authorship by later generations does not apply to that of the authorship of early Chinese classics.The complexity of the generation of classics should be combined with the diversity of authors in order to establish a dynamic authorship outlook that is synchronized with the generation of early Chinese classics.It will help reveal its role and significance in the generation of classics and the construction of Chinese culture.

The image of literati in folk literature and art is often solemn and humorous and mostly humor outstrips solemnity.From the “sour” drama and “roaring” drama of the Song Zaju,to the “Fengmo literati” in Yuan Zaju,and then to all kinds of “funny literati” in the novel notes of Ming and Qing Dynasties,the images of humorous literati come down in one continuous line.At first,this kind of image was only due to the funny personality of a particular scholar.Breaking through the limitation of realistic image in the folk literature and art of the Tang Dynasty,the image was endowed with humorous and funny artistic character,and was established as the specific image type in the Song and Jin Dynasties.The unitary short-play form promotes the humorous fragments and dramatic methods of Zaju into other types of folk literature and art,forming a communication path from oral drama to written literature.The formation of this image not only reflects people's pursuit of a happy life and spiritual pleasure,but also reflects the artistic creativity generated by the collision between the functionality of folk literary and artistic creation and image typology.In the process of entering literati writing from folk culture,it has constantly improved the image character and has become an image type with both aesthetic interest and cultural value.

Trevelyan,living from the end of the 19th century to the 1960s,witnessed the urbanization and the weakening of traditional social structures in Britain.He has a systematic thinking about the necessity of country preservation,and it is embodied in his explanation to the question he raised in 1929:“WHY SHOULD WE SAVE ENGLAND?” From his perspective,saving England means preserving some,at least,of its natural beauty.“But it is not merely,it is not even chiefly,a matter of money.The happiness and the soul's health of the whole people are at stake.” Its motive is also “to cultivate in English people the historic sense” and to inherit English history and culture.Trevelyan spent his lifetime actively engaging in country preservation and played an important role in the affairs of the National Trust because of both his consciousness of the importance of natural beauty and concern about the consequences of its loss.Trevelyan and his contemporaries,aiming at the public and the future,saved many natural beauty spots and historic interests from the “cold plow of modern development”,which reflected the change of the role of the aristocracy to which he belonged in the modern society and the transformation of the role of the natural beauty of the British countryside in the era of urbanization.Trevelyan's cognition of nature itself and its relationship with human beings had been promoted from human-centered perspective to ecological holistic cognition during the process of devoting himself to country preservation.Trevelyan's career of country preservation constitutes an important page in British environmental history and is of worldwide significance in the modern era when sustainable development is emphasized.

Scholars at home and abroad have given various explanations to the stagflation crisis of the United States in the 1970s from the perspective of economics,but few people consider the impact of strict environmental regulations on prices and inflation in the United States in the same period.According to the theory of environmental economics,through a large number of original archives,it can be found that the cost of environmental regulation is finally transmitted to ordinary consumers in the form of price rise.The rise in the price of related products and services is one of the important factors inducing inflation.On the premise of adhering to the historiography of environmental history,interdisciplinary research is carried out by borrowing the theories and methods of economics to obtain new interpretations of the usual historical narrative.It is not only the manifestation of the economic turn of environmental history research,but also the realization of bridging the gap between science and humanities.Then,the innovation of environmental history shall be promoted in terms of the ontology,cognition,methods and levels.What is more important,of course,is to reveal the downward extension of the national environmental macro-strategy and the complex feedback,from meso-level to macro-level,of environmental public policy at the micro level.In fact,the macro-policy is not intactly top-down and micro levels also have their own contingencies and responses.The turn helps reveal the complex synergistic evolution relationship among environment,economy and society,excavate the internal mechanism of the cumulative evolution of historical elements,enrich the face and connotation of history,and serve the construction of ecological civilization in China.

The meanings of “Huangtian”(皇天),“Mintian”(旻天) and “Cangtian”(苍天) are almost divine in the Book of Songs (Shi Jing 诗经),and “Haotian”(昊天) is both divine and natural.With a philosophic tendency,the divine meaning of the word “Shangtian”(上天 the upper sky or heaven) has been weakened.At the same time,its connotation has been naturalized and spatialized,getting closely correlated with the light of the sun and the moon and being opposite to “Xiatu”(下土 the lower earth).The opposition of“Tian”(天sky) and “Tu”(土earth) can be regarded as an early form of the concept of “Tiandi”(天地heaven and earth).“Tiangao”(天高higher sky) and “Dihou”(地厚thicker earth),which are presented in the poem The First Moon (Zhengyue 正月) in Xiaoya(小雅),indicates that the concept of heaven and earth has been formed,which should be the concept of the Spring and Autumn Period.From the absolutely supreme god to the concept of “Tiandi” in the relative meaning,the transformation of the concept of “Tian”(天sky or heaven) is a breakthrough in the development of early Chinese philosophy,and its ideological significance is unprecedented in history.

To clarify the question of “how many farmers are there in China” is the basis for a deep understanding of China's national conditions,especially the composition of rural society,and benefits for a reasonable construction of rural revitalization plans.There are three effective angles to analyze the scale of Chinese farmers,including the occupation,the area and the household registration.However,the criteria of classifying “farmers'” has been relatively chaotic for a long time.The statements of “800 million farmers” and “900 million farmers” have been misused for a long time,which is accompanied by over-interpretation of the phenomenon of “difficulty for impoverished families to cultivate outstanding children”,“class solidification” and “hollowing out of rural population”.In accordance with the “three-circle structure” composed of the agricultural laborers,the rural population and the rural household registered population,it is necessary to shape the scientific judgment about the exact scale of “farmers” with different meanings,and to understand a series of regular changes.Furthermore,by further expanding the urban entrance of rural population transfer,the government should take measures to consolidate the rural institution foundation of population transfer,and further break the dual social structure,in order to promote the steady transfer of rural population and the urbanization of agricultural transfer population,to gradually reduce the differences of “three-circle structure”,and to eliminate the misunderstandings about farmers and its scale.In the future,it would be beneficial to the social harmony as well as the transformation and optimization of China's urban and rural governance structure.

Straightening up the relationship between counties and townships is an important part of building a government governance system with clear responsibilities and exercising administration in accordance with the law,and it is also an inherent requirement for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.After more than 70 years of reform,the relationship between counties and townships in China has experienced four stages of development:initial construction,continuous construction,reconstruction,and optimization.Over the stages mentioned above,the county-township relationship shows different characteristics:the devolution of power from counties to the townships,the integration of counties and cooperatives,simplified counties and expanded townships,and the balanced development between counties and townships.It is the result of the combined effects of the two forces of historical China and real China.From the perspective of evolution logic,the state structure form is the institutional basis for the evolution of county-township relations,political and economic system changes are the main driving force for the adjustment of county-township relations,and fiscal relationship adjustment is the main way to reform the county-township relations.Institutional decentralization is the main means of relationship development.The current relationship between counties and townships still has problems such as the low precision of the allocation of functions,the imbalance in the distribution of powers and responsibilities,the structural tension of the block relationship,and the weak standardization of institutionalized decentralization.In the context of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities,it is not allowed to blindly copy the western models in terms of straightening out the relationship between counties and townships.To achieve this purpose,proceeding from China's history and reality,we must improve the government function system and strengthen the local governance capacity by improving the precision of function allocation,optimizing the balance of power and responsibility distribution,adjusting the tension between different departments,and deepening the reform of institutionalized decentralization.

Under the new economic background,a series of new changes have occurred in the production system in terms of factor markets,innovation strategies and manufacturers' behaviors.Specifically,workers are both labors and information capital owners,information becomes a new factor of production innovation strategies increasingly open,and manufacturers pay more attention to probe the underlying demands of consumers.Under this background,China's production system faces the following prominent problems:the waste of resources and overcapacity in the production system,the group and regional differences in the production system under “digital divide”,and the obvious differentiation of labor factors in the production system.The strategy and policy of supply-side structural reform under the change of production system driven by the new economy is to deal with the relationship between government and market in the supply-side structural reform,to drive the match of supply and demand by innovation,to vigorously develop artificial intelligence,digital economy and other new industries,and to achieve coordination of supply-side structural reform and macro policies.